Morphing between face images that are expressing different emotions results in stimuli ambiguous terms of category membership. Within a categorical perception framework, the status these is questionable: they should either be uncategorizable as one parent or their ambiguity may mean categorized emotion other with low confidence. However, also unique signal emotional states distinct from based o...

Children's ability to place fractions on a number line strongly correlates with math achievement. But does the number line play a causal role in fraction learning or does it simply index more advanced fraction knowledge? The number line may be a particularly effective representation for fraction learning because its properties align with the desired mental representation and take advantage of p...

We resolve an open problem raised by Ravikumar and Ibarra [SIAM J. Comput., 18 (1989), pp. 1263–1282] on the succinctness of representations relating to the types of ambiguity of finite automata. We show that there exists a family of nondeterministic finite automata {An} over a two-letter alphabet such that, for any positive integer n, An is exponentially ambiguous and has n states, whereas the...

We focus on a class of Multiple Prior Models. Those characterized by nonatomic countably additive priors. Preferences generating such representations have been recently axiomatized in [17]. We argue that this is the proper setting for comparing the notions of unambiguous event given by Epstein and Zhang in [7] and by Ghirardato, Maccheroni and Marinacci in [10]. The two definitions are known to...

Many decisions are made in environments where outcomes are determined by the realization of multiple random events. A decision maker may be uncertain how these events are related. We identify and experimentally substantiate behavior that intuitively re‡ects a lack of con…dence in their joint distribution. Our …ndings suggest a dimension of ambiguity which is di¤erent from that in the classical ...

This paper explores the relation between consistency of social cues and persuasion by an artificial agent. Including (minimal) social cues in Persuasive Technology (PT) increases the probability that people attribute human-like characteristics to that technology, which in turn can make that technology more persuasive (see e.g., Nass, Steuer, Tauber, & Reeder, 1993). PT in the social actor role ...

Previous research suggests that three-year-olds fail to learn from statistical data when their prior beliefs conflict with evidence. Are children’s beliefs entrenched in their folk theories, or can preschoolers rationally update their beliefs? Motivated by a Bayesian account, we conducted a training study to investigate this question. Children (45 months) who failed to endorse a statistically m...

A series of molecular gallium compounds were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Specifically, the Ga 2p3/2 and Ga 3d5/2 photoelectron binding energies and the Ga L3M45M45 Auger electron kinetic energies of compounds with gallium in a range of assigned oxidation numbers and with different stabilizing ligands were measured. Auger parameters were calculated and used to generate...

We study the impact of foresight in a transboundary pollution game; i.e. the ability of a country to control its emissions taking into account the relationship between current emissions and future levels of pollution and thus on future damages. We show that when all countries are myopic, i.e., choose the ’laisser-faire’ policy, their payoffs are smaller than when all countries are farsighted, i...

In this paper we propose a technique to incorporate contextual information into object classification. In the real world there are cases where the identity of an object is ambiguous due to the noise in the measurements based on which the classification should be made. It is helpful to reduce the ambiguity by utilizing extra information referred to as context, which in our case is the identities...