8 Kinetics of the catalytic dehydration of 1-butanol to di-n-butyl ether (DNBE) over 9 Amberlyst-70 was investigated. Experiments were performed in liquid phase at 4 MPa and 10 413-463 K. Three elementary reaction mechanisms were considered: a Langmuir‐Hinselwood‐ 11 Hougen‐Watson (LHHW) formulation; an Eley-Rideal (ER) formulation in which DNBE 12 remains adsorbed; an ER formulation in which w...

Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) is a promising source of carbohydrates that can be converted into single cell oil (SCO) by oleaginous yeasts. Microbial conversion both hemicellulose and cellulose fractions represents the key step for increasing economic sustainability SCO production. Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70,296 was cultivated in two xylose-rich hydrolysates, obtained microwave-assisted hydrolysi...

• Alkyl orthoformates and acetals promote esterification of levulinic acid. Reaction proceeds through formation a pseudo lactone intermediate. Inexpensive commercial catalysts are highly effective in levulinate ester formation. Highly acidic selectively produce products. Moderately nanoporous silicates the lactone. The acid under conditions to esters is current significant interest due potentia...

Two different alternatives for etherification of glycerol (G) with tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) are developed and analyzed. The conventional reaction separation recycle system uses a plug-flow reactor to perform the reaction in liquid phase, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst (Amberlyst 15). The separation of the products from reactants is achieved by two distillation columns where pure gl...

Ultrasound accelerates the free fatty acids esterification rate by reducing the mass transfer resistance between methanol in the liquid phase and absorbed organic species on Amberlyst®46 catalyst. The reaction rates of canola oil is three times greater than for tobacco seed oil but half the reaction rate of pure oleic acid as measured in a batch reactor. The beneficial effects of ultrasound vs....

In this paper, the adsorption equilibrium constants, dispersion coefficients, and kinetic parameters were obtained for the liquid phase reversible reaction of methanol with acetic acid catalyzed by Amberlyst 15. The adsorption and kinetic parameters are determined corresponding to two different mobile phases, methanol and water. Such parameters are required for three different applications of t...

The addition of 4 eq of chloral to osmundalactone (4S,5R)-4 gave quantitative formation of the hemiacetal derivative (4S,5R)-8, which was treated with methane sulfonic acid to afford the intramolecular Micheal addition product (+)-(3S,4S,5R)-9 possessing a 3,4-cis-dihydroxy-δ-lactone in 78% overall yield from (4S,5R)-4. The obtained (+)-(3S,4S,5R)-9 was subsequently converted to methyl D-digito...

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a high-octane blending agent for motor gasoline, is produced by reacting directly tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) with methanol using Amberlyst 15 ion-exchange resin, which acts as both catalyst and adsorbent. Experiments were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor in the temperature range 318–328 K using rectangular pulse input and measuring the elution profiles of TBA, MT...