mortality among subjects 65 and older with hemoglobin levels even in the “normal range,” is intriguing, in other studies2,3 confounding comorbid conditions accounted for most or all of the difference between anemic and nonanemic groups. Furthermore, even if 22% of the population were at risk for early demise because their hemoglobin levels were found to be low, it would remain to be shown that ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this work was the identification and molecular characterization of novel sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) repetitive sequences to unravel the impact of repetitive DNA on size and evolution of Beta genomes via amplification and diversification. METHODS Genomic DNA and a pool of B. vulgaris repetitive sequences were separately used as probes for a screening of high-dens...

This paper shows that polluters who underestimate environmental harm might invest excessively in promoting technological change in pollution control under environmental liability law. Neither strict liability nor negligence can prevent such a distortion. However, we define a second best due care standard under negligence that induces a welfare superior R&D equilibrium. If, on the other hand, po...

Settling an Old Debate In their article “Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals,” Grollemund et al. (1) have accomplished more than just their stated intention: to identify the role of habitat in channeling the directions of the early Bantu farming settlement of the African equatorial rainforest. What is most important is that the authors essentially br...

CONTEXT The superiority of retesting over restudying in terms of knowledge retention and skills acquisition has been proven in both laboratory and classroom settings, as well as in doctors' practice. However, it is still unclear how important retesting strategies are to the learning of relevant factual knowledge in undergraduate medical education. METHODS Eighty students in Years 3-5 of medic...

introduction: repetitive cortical spreading depression (csd) can lead to cell death in immature brain tissue. caspases are involved in neuronal cell death in several csd-related neurological disorders. yet, whether repetitive csd itself can induce caspase activation in adult or juvenile tissue remains unknown. inducing repetitive csd in somatosensory cortices of juvenile and adult rats in vivo,...