It has often been argued that evolutionary diversification is the result of divergent natural selection for specialization on alternative resources. I provide a comprehensive review of experiments that examine the ecology and genetics of resource specialization and adaptive radiation in microbial microcosms. In these experiments, resource heterogeneity generates divergent selection for speciali...

Although negative frequency-dependent fitness is argued to allow the stable coexistence of two alternative reproductive types (such as resource defenders and reproductive parasites), no existing theory has considered a third strategy where resource defenders invest differentially in defence against reproductive parasites. Here, we present the results of a three-strategy game, where reproductive...

Many servers on the web offer content that is only accessible via a search interface. These are part of the deep web. Using conventional crawling to index the content of these remote servers is impossible without some form of cooperation. Query-based sampling provides an alternative to crawling requiring no cooperation beyond a basic search interface. In this approach, conventionally, random qu...

Robustness analysis provides an alternative way to analyze a perturbed system to quickly respond to resource failures. Nonordinary Petri nets have weighted arcs and have the advantage to compactly model operations requiring multiple parts or resources. In this paper, we consider a class of non-ordinary flexible assembly/disassembly Petri net (NFADPN) models and study its robustness properties. ...

One source of complexity in tackling realistic scheduling problems comes from activities with resource alternatives. Such activities have a choice of resources to utilize. These resources may vary in their processing speed and the constraints upon them. The decision of which resource to use to process an activity can have a significant impact upon the quality of the schedule. A number of approa...

In this paper we propose a framework for a simple resource reservation protocol for multicast communications in the Internet. In contrast to RSVP, where heavy setup mechanisms are used, our protocol is traffic driven and does not use special messages for resource reservation, refresh or release. The reservation session is managed by the flow data packets themselves. Our protocol is suitable for...

Cloud computing applications must be allocated sufficient resources to comply with Service Level Agreements (SLAs). This paper considers data-driven probabilistic modeling of application resource demand for resource allocation. The modeling method is focused on peak demand and SLA violations and relies on a branch of statistics known as extreme value theory (EVT). Rigorous statistical validatio...

The paper describes a unified formal framework for designing and reasoning about power-constrained, realtime systems. The framework is based on process algebra, a formalism which has been developed to describe and analyze communicating, concurrent systems. The proposed extension allows the modeling of probabilistic resource failures, priorities of resource usages, and power consumption by resou...