angiotensin i-converting enzyme (ace) gene polymorphism; genotype dd or d allele may be involved with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (dn). we examined the frequency of ace gene polymorphism in 170 patients (85 type 2 diabetes with nephropathy and 85 without it) in tehran, iran. dna was extracted from the white blood cells and the i/d polymorphism of the ...

adult periodontitis is a complex multifactorial disease whose etiology is not well defined. the pro-inflammatory and bone resorption properties of interleukine-1α (il-1α) strongly suggest a role for this cytokine in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. eighty iranian adult patients with periodontitis and 80 iranian controls were investigated in this study. in this study we report that the f...

background genome-wide association studies have shown that rs738491, rs2143571, and rs3761472 in the sorting and assembly machinery component 50 homolog (samm50) gene are significantly associated with susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld). conclusions we first demonstrated that the rs738491 t allele, rs2143571 a allele, and rs3761472 g allele in the samm50 gene created susc...

Somitogenesis is a dynamic morphogenetic process required for the generation of a metameric architecture in vertebrates. The paraxial mesoderm derived from the primitive streak or tailbud is aligned on both sides of the neural tube as the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). For formation of the metameric structure, mesenchymal PSM cells have to undergo two types of segmentation. One is initial segmentat...

Cardiac arrhythmias are a major healthcare problem in the developed world. The American Heart Association 2017 statistical report indicates that atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac rhythm disorder, has an ≈25% lifetime incidence and annual costs of ≈26 billion dollars, whereas sudden cardiac death (usually caused by malignant arrhythmias) affects fewer individuals (just under 200 000 A...

The identification of the autonomous or transposase-encoding element of the Mutator (Mu) transposable element system of maize is necessary to the characterization of the system. We reported previously that a transcript homologous to the internal region of the MuA element is associated with activity of the Mutator system. We describe here the cloning of another Mu element, designated MuA2, that ...

Dear Editor Analysis of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH McKusick 261600) gene in different populations has revealed more than 320 different mutations associated with phenylketonuria (PKU). One of these mutations, IVS10nt546, results in severe PAH deficiency due to defective mRNA splicing. It accounts for about 40 percent of all mutant alleles in Turkish and between 10 to 20 percent of all mu...