Given a directed graph, there exists a universal operator algebra and universal C-algebra associated to the directed graph. In this paper we give intrinsic constructions of these objects. We provide an explicit construction for the maximal C-algebra of an operator algebra. We also discuss uniqueness of the universal algebras for finite graphs, showing that for finite graphs the graph is an isom...

let a be a banach algebra and e be a banach a-bimodule then s = a  e, the l1-direct sum of a and e becomes a module extension banach algebra when equipped with the algebras product (a; x):(a′; x′) = (aa′; a:x′ + x:a′). in this paper, we investigate △-amenability for these banach algebras and we show that for discrete inverse semigroup s with the set of idempotents es, the module extension bana...

For G a locally compact group and G its dual, let Jd(G) be the C*algebra generated by the Fourier-Stieltjes transforms of the discrete measures on G. We show that the canonical trace on ,4(G) is faithful if and only if G is amenable as a discrete group. We further show that if G is nondiscrete and amenable as a discrete group, then the only measures in dKd(G) are the discrete measures, and also...

After the research on naBL-algebras gained by non-associative t-norms and overlap functions, inflationary BL-algebras were also studied as a recent kind of generalization BL-algebras, which can be obtained general functions. In this paper, we show that not every function induce an BL-algebra counterexample thus propose new concept weak BL-algebras. We prove each corresponds to BL-algebra; there...

Abstract. We combine the notion of norming algebra introduced by Pop, Sinclair and Smith with a result of Pisier to show that if A1 and A2 are operator algebras, then any bounded epimorphism of A1 onto A2 is completely bounded provided that A2 contains a norming C ∗-subalgebra. We use this result to give some insights into Kadison’s Similarity Problem: we show that every faithful bounded homomo...

A comparison of different T-norms and S-norms for interval type-2 fuzzy number weights is proposed in this work. The interval type-2 fuzzy number weights are used in a neural network with an interval backpropagation learning enhanced method for weight adjustment. Results of experiments and a comparative research between traditional neural networks and the neural network with interval type-2 fuz...

The Beurling-Ahlfors operator reveals a rich structure through its representation as a martingale transform. Using elementary linear algebra and martingale inequalities, we obtain new information on this operator. In particular, Essén-type inequalities are proved for the complex Beurling-Ahlfors operator and its generalization to higher dimensions. Moreover, a new estimate of their norms is obt...

first we show that the cosets of a fuzzy ideal μ in a bck-algebrax form another bck-algebra  x/μ (called the fuzzy quotient bck-algebra of x by μ). also we show thatx/μ is a fuzzy partition of x and we prove several some isomorphism theorems. moreover we prove that if the associated fuzzy similarity relation of a fuzzy partition p of a commutative bck-algebra iscompatible, then p is a fuzzy quo...