Lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) was stabilized at alkaline pH to overcome the inactivation problem and was immobilized for the first time by multipoint covalent attachment on different aldehyde-activated matrices. PEG was used as a stabilizing agent on the activity of CRL. At these conditions, CRL maintained 50% activity at pH 10 after 17 h incubation in the presence of 40% (w/v) of PEG, where...

BACKGROUND 2-Phenylethylamine is an endogenous amine, which acts as a neuromodulator of dopaminergic responses. Exogenous 2-phenylethylamine is found in certain foodstuffs and may cause toxic side-effects in susceptible individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present investigation examined the metabolism of 2-phenylethylamine to phenylacetic acid, via phenylacetaldehyde, in freshly prepared an...

The generation and characterization of ubiquitin (Ub)-aldehyde, a potent inhibitor of Ub-C-terminal hydrolase, has previously been reported. We now examine the action of this compound on the Ub-mediated proteolytic pathway using the system derived from rabbit reticulocytes. Addition of Ub-aldehyde was found to strongly inhibit breakdown of added 125I-labeled lysozyme, but inhibition was overcom...

fecl3.6h2o was used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of highly functionalized piperidines via a one-pot five-component reaction of aromatic amines, aromatic aldehydes and β-keto esters in etoh at room temperature. the remarkable advantages offered by this method are good yields, simple procedure, short reaction times, no need to column chromatography and easy work-up. the structures o...

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily that oxidizes aldehydes to their corresponding acids, reactions that are coupled to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. We report here that ALDH1A1 can also use glutathione (GSH) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) as electron donors to reduce NAD+ to NADH. The GSH/DHLA-dependent NAD+-reduction activity of ALDH1A1 i...

Geranylgeranoic acid, a 20-carbon polyprenoic acid (all-trans 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecatetraenoic acid) and its derivatives were previously developed as synthetic "acyclic retinoids" for cancer chemoprevention. Recently, we demonstrated the natural occurrence of geranylgeranoic acid in various medicinal herbs (Shidoji and Ogawa, 2004). In this present study, we present several ...

p-Hydroxyacetophenone was coupled to epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B to generate an afflnity chromatographic matrix to purify aldehyde dehydrogenase. Purified beef liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase specifically bound to the support and could be eluted with phydroxyacetophenone. A post-ammonium sulfate (3045%) fraction of bovine liver was applied to the affinity gel column and aldehyde deh...

PURPOSE To identify the structural features responsible for the differences in coenzyme and inhibitor specificities of aldose and aldehyde reductases. METHODS The crystal structure of porcine aldehyde reductase in complex with NADPH and the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil was determined. The contribution of each amino acid lining the coenzyme-binding site to the binding of NADPH was calcu...

The enzymatic conversion of xanthoxin to abscisic acid by cell-free extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris L. leaves has been found to be a two-step reaction catalyzed by two different enzymes. Xanthoxin was first converted to abscisic aldehyde followed by conversion of the latter to abscisic acid. The enzyme activity catalyzing the synthesis of abscisic aldehyde from xanthoxin (xanthoxin oxidase) was ...

The ability to predict in vivo clearance from in vitro intrinsic clearance for compounds metabolized by aldehyde oxidase has not been demonstrated. To date, there is no established scaling method for predicting aldehyde oxidase-mediated clearance using in vitro or animal data. This challenge is exacerbated by the fact that rats and dogs, two of the laboratory animal species commonly used to dev...