Biomarkers are characteristics that are objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of biological or pathogenic processes, or responses to therapeutic interventions, and may provide information on the prognosis or progression of the disease and response to treatment. They are likely to be helpful in the management of airway diseases because of the heterogeneity of their pathobiology. Most ...

The interrupter technique is used to determine airway and tissue resistance. Their accuracy is influenced by the technical properties of the interrupter device and the compliance of the respiratory system. We investigated the influence of valve characteristics and respiratory system compliance on the accuracy of determining airway and tissue resistance by means of a computer simulation. With de...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that primarily affects the lungs and the digestive system, however, it also affects a number of other organs and systems. More than 90% of mortality of  CF patients is due to lung complications.  Healthy lungs are important for a long life for people with CF, We will discuss two important topics for maintaining respiratory health. Chronic use of drug...

In this clinical trial 100 children less than 4 years old,who had  underwent non-pharyngeal surgeries in Kerman university hospitals were selected randomly and investigated for early airway complications after tracheal extubation.patients were divided into two groups:the first group(n=50) were extubated while they were still anesthetised and the second group(n=50) were extubated after regaining...

The pathophysiology of airway diseases, such as asthma, is increasingly studied using transgenic mice and other mouse models of airway inflammation where allergen-induced changes in airway smooth muscle tone and mucous secretion is due, in part, to activation of preganglionic airway parasympathetic nerves. Ganglionic parasympathetic neurons located in the airways in several species, including h...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing after stroke has been reported to be between 32% and 71%. However, the first 24-hour period, when upper airway obstruction may have a critical effect on the cerebral circulation because of hemodynamic fluctuations and repetitive hypoxia, has not been studied. Furthermore, data on prediction of upper airway obstruction after str...

Afferent nerves in the airways and lungs contribute to optimisation of the breathing pattern, by providing local pulmonary information to the central nervous system. Airway sensory nerve terminals are consequently tailored to detect changes readily in the physical and chemical environment, thereby leading to a variety of respiratory sensations and reflex responses. Most intrapulmonary nerve ter...

BACKGROUND Upper airway cultures guide the identification and treatment of lung pathogens in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF); however, this may not fully reflect the spectrum of bacteria present in the lower airway. Our objectives were to characterize the airway microbiota using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from asymptomatic CF infants during the first year of life and to investigate t...

Considerable progress has been made over the last several decades in our understanding of the pathophysiology of both central and obstructive sleep apnea. Central sleep apnea, in its various forms, is generally the product of an unstable ventilatory control system (high loop gain) with increased controller gain (high hypercapnic responsiveness) generally being the cause. High plant gain can con...