In the early days of abundant resources and minimal development pressures, little attention was paid to growing environmental concerns in Malaysia. The haze episodes in Southeast Asia in 1983, 1984, 1991, 1994, and 1997 imposed threats to the environmental management of Malaysia and increased awareness of the environment. As a consequence, the government established Malaysian Air Quality Guidel...

AIM Cleaning and shaping is one of the most important phases in root canal therapy. Various rotary NiTi systems minimize accidents and facilitate the shaping process. Todays NiTi files are used with air-driven and electric handpieces. This study compared the canal centering after instrumentation using the ProTaper system using Endo IT, electric torque-control motor, and NSK air-driven handpiece...

Climate change is one of the greatest environmental, economic, and social challenges of our time. Urban transportation has had a major negative impact on our environment—most of our air pollution comes from transport. This paper explores ways to move toward a more sustainable transport system by focusing on creating a more efficient and livable city and improving the environmental efficiency of...

The need for a 5-dimensional (5D) integrated database capability for aviation weather applications to reduce weather disruptions and increase the safety and efficiency of operations within the air and space transportation system has been articulated by the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO). JPDO is an interagency organization that is jointly managed by NASA and FAA. The implementatio...

Effective transportation systems lead to the efficient movement of goods and people, which significantly contribute to the quality of life in every society. In the heart of every economic and social development, there is always a transportation system. Meanwhile, traffic congestion has been increasing worldwide because of increased motorization, urbanization, population growth, and changes in p...

In transportation networks the robustness of a network regarding nodes and links failures is a key factor for its design. A common way to measure the robustness of a network is to evaluate its algebraic connectivity. In our previous work we formulated a new air transportation network model and showed the algebraic connectivity optimization problem is important because the two sub-problems of ad...

Zoological institutions strive to ensure the welfare of nonhuman animals in captivity. Part of this effort involves reducing the level of distress experienced by an animal to the greatest extent possible. However, some necessary zoo management practices such as transportation induce stress responses. An extensive literature exists concerning the animal welfare implications of road transportatio...

The availability of relatively cheap small jet planes has lead to the creation of on-demand air transportation services in which travelers call a few days in advance to schedule a flight. A successful on-demand air transportation service requires an effective scheduling system to construct minimum cost pilot and jet itineraries for a set of accepted transportation requests. We present an intege...

Exposure to air pollution can be particularly high during commuting and may depend on the mode of transportation. We investigated the impact of commuting mode on pulmonary function in Shanghai, China.The Shanghai Putuo Study is a cross-sectional, population-based study. Our primary outcomes were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted, and the secondar...