The rewarding property of opioids likely contributes to their abuse potential. Therefore, determining the genetic basis of opioid reward could aid in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of opioid addiction, provided that it is a heritable trait. Here, we characterized the rewarding property of the widely abused prescription opioid oxycodone (OXY) in the conditioned place preference (CP...

Bacteriological culture was compared with multiplex and fluorogenic (TaqMan) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of attachment invasion locus (ail)-bearing Yersinia enterocolitica in market weight swine, chitterlings, and ground pork. The TaqMan assay detected 1 pg of purified Y. enterocolitica DNA, whereas conventional gel-based PCR detected I ng of the same. The presence ...

The EnvZ/OmpR two-component system constitutes a regulatory pathway involved in bacterial adaptive responses to environmental cues. Our previous findings indicated that the OmpR regulator in Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 positively regulates the expression of FlhDC, the master flagellar activator, which influences adhesion/invasion properties and biofilm formation. Here we show that a strain lack...

Existentially quantified variables are the source of non-decidability for second-order linear logic without exponentials (MALL2). We present a decision procedure for a fragment of MALL2 based on a canonical instantiation of these variables and using inference permutability in proofs. We also establish that this fragment is PSPACE-complete. @ 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. Ail rights reserved.

Objective: This is a prospective evaluation of chest wall integrity and pulmonary function in patients with operative stabilisation for ̄ail chest injuries. Methods: From 1990 to 1999, 66 patients (56 men, 10 women; mean age 52.6 years) with antero-lateral ̄ail chest ($4 ribs fractured at $2 sites) underwent surgical stabilisation using reconstruction plates. Clinical assessment and pulmonary f...

The proportion of ail cancers represented by urinary bladder cancer varies greatly wi thin Africa and the Middle East, and the ratio of male to female frequency of occurrence is nearly as variable (Parkin, 1986). ln Egyt, the proportion of bladder cancers among aIl cancers in men is twce that in Zambia, four times that in Zimbabwe and 10 times that in Algeria. Very few formai assessments of the...

Murine collagen induced arthritis (CIA) is a widely used model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Identification of CIA susceptibility genes will aid in the understanding of RA pathogenesis and development of therapeutic targets. This study aims to identify and refine quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling CIA. Major CIA clinical traits were evaluated in both (DBA/1xFVB/N) F(2) and advanced inter...