Trifluoromethylsulfinyl and trifluoromethylthio groups are both important substituents for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and functional materials. We herein report the trifluoromethylthiolation of allyl alcohols 2 with trifluoromethanesulfonyl hypervalent iodonium ylide 1 under copper catalysis to provide trifluoromethylsulfinyl compounds 3. Trifluoromethylthiolation of boronic acids 4 with 1 ...

Copyright 2010 by [S.A.Nastis, A.Michailidis]. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. This paper utilizes the theory of compensating differentials for job risks from the labor economics literature to evaluate farmers' differences in wage-risk tradeoffs. In th...

Chemicals have played an important role in improving the lives of millions of people worldwide. The use of chemicals has been integrated into every aspect of human life. In agriculture, the safe and effective use of agrochemicals, especially pesticides, has successfully been carried out to solve various problems. These include: hunger; preand postharvest losses due to insects, weeds, fungi; and...

The large-scale use of agrochemicals has raised environmental and human health concerns. A comprehensive intervention strategy for improving agrochemical safety among rice farmers in Thailand is lacking. The objective of this study is to develop a model in order to improve farmers' health and prevent them from being exposed to agrochemical hazards, in addition to evaluating the effectiveness of...

Biocontrol (BC) formulations prepared from plant-growth-promoting bacteria are increasingly applied in sustainable agriculture. Especially inoculants prepared from endospore-forming Bacillus strains have been proven as efficient and environmental-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides due to their long shelf life, which is comparable with that of agrochemicals. However, these formulations ...

The close relationship between scientific expertise and regulatory policy in certain controversial and public areas has prompted commentators to suggest the concept of ‘regulatory science’. However, definition is generally constrained either to the concerns of regulatory science or to its context. This paper proposes an approach to regulatory science which is both empirically-based and allows a...

The watershed provides a physical basis for establishing linkages between aquatic contaminants, environmental health and human health. Current attempts to establish such linkages are limited by environmental and epidemiological constraints. Environmental limitations include difficulties in characterizing the temporal and spatial dynamics of agricultural runoff, in fully understanding the degrad...

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In Belize, Central America, many farms surrounding the Protected Areas of the Maya Mountains rely heavily on the application of agrochemicals. The purpose of this study was to test whether orographic drift of glyphosate and organophosphates into the nearby Maya Mountain Protected Areas occurred by collecting phytotelmic water from seven sites over 3 years. Regardless of location within the Maya...