increasing urban network has both positive (accessibility) and negative (air pollution) impacts. in this research air quality is chosen as key elements with respect to their critical roles in quality of life and urban health. the overall objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model to plan appropriate locations for residential land uses and urban transportation network development...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Apis mellifera biodiversity-ecosystem function ecosystem services native bee pollinator valuation ecosystem service valuation wild bee Crop pollination by animal pollinators is an important ecosystem service for which there is no generally accepted valuation method. Here, we show that two existing valuation methods, previously thought to be unrelated , are each a...

Decreasing qualitative aspects of residential environments is a real problem in recent public housing of Kerman. This article is concentrated on surveying the impact of in-between spaces on residential environments quality (REQ), to evaluate different kinds of it and to determine interrelation of two main components: residents individual characteristics and characteristics of in-between spaces....

nowadays, with the development of human societies and more mastery over the environment, to environmental changes caused by the faster and wider than before the occurrence of the joins. so having the necessary information about these changes and to manage the natural order is essential to sustainable ecosystems, metrics of landscape is tools landscape situation are few mechanisms that cause the...

The study of allelopathy has a long history, and its application to agricultural production has long been anticipated. Recently, researchers have found allelopathic plants that are now used as cover crops, and allelochemicals which may lead to new herbicides. This paper reviews three studies introduced in this symposium, and discusses the possible application of allelopathy to agriculture.