background: modified radical mastectomy (mrm) is still one of globally accepted surgical techniques for breast cancer and in some selected patient is the gold standard type of surgery. the most frequent complication of this procedure is seroma under skin flaps or in the axilla as reported as much as 30% in some studies. the use of closed suction drainage system to reduce the incidence of this c...

PURPOSE To compare the short-term outcome in patients with or without a drain (short duration and low suction pressure) following total knee replacement (TKR). METHODS A consecutive series of 106 women and 48 men (mean age, 69 years) underwent unilateral TKR. The first 77 patients used a low suction pressure (200 mm Hg) drain following TKR for 24 hours, and the next 77 patients used no drain....

Excessive use of animal manure on agricultural lands can impact the quality of surface and groundwater resources. A three–year study (1998–2000) was conducted on nine 0.4–ha plots and on six 2.1–m 2 lysimeters to investigate the effect of two nitrogen (N) application rates from laying hen manure and one N application rate from urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer on surface and groundwater qu...

BACKGROUND Penetrating chest trauma is a leading cause of admission to South African emergency departments. The resultant pneumo-/haemothoraces are currently routinely treated by means of standard underwater bottle drainage. A South African company, Sinapi Biomedical, recently launched the Xpand chest drain. This device incorporates a one-way valve with a fluid reservoir and permits the detecti...

This study is an attempt to develop an integrated methodology to predict the impact of the Caspian Sea on flooding using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hydrodynamic modeling. A rise in the sea level might lead to major flooding events, and have a severe impact on the spatial development of cities and regions. The feasibility of simulating a flood event along a drain channel is evaluat...

BACKGROUND Intraluminal migration of a drain through an anastomotic site is a rare complication of gastric surgery. CASE PRESENTATION We herein report the intraluminal migration of a drain placed after a lower esophagectomy and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis for gastric small cell carcinoma. Persistent drainage was noted 1 month after surgery, and radiographic studies were consi...

Introduction Breaking of surgical drain during the removal and retention of broken drain fragment is an avoidable complication. Such a complication brings disrepute to the operating team and causes psychological as well as further surgical trauma to the patient as a return to the operating room is required many a times to remove the retained drain fragment. Case Report We report a case of an ...

We compared the outcome of children with empyema managed either through thoracotomy with pleural debridment, conventional stiff chest drain, or pigtail chest drain. Compared to conventional drain, children who received either thoracotomy or pigtail catheters had a significantly decreased period of drain in situ, were afebrile earlier, were clinically improved earlier, and were discharged earlier.

This study describes the dependence of the surface electric field to the junction depth of source/drain-extension, and the suppression of gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) in fully depleted shallow junction gate-overlapped source/drain-extension (SDE). The GIDL can be reduced by reducing shallow junction depth of drain-extension. Total space charges are a function of junction depth in fully dep...