In 2000 a field study was conducted at four different locations concerning the effects of low dosages of glufosinate-ammonium, a leaf acting herbicide, on off crop vegetation. Therefore species rich road verges and ditch banks not adapted to a history of herbicide use were sprayed twice with different dosages of glufosinate-ammonium, simulating drift (0, 2, 4, 16, 32 and 64% of the maximum fiel...

Globalization has been a great benefit to rural America in that it has opened overseas markets for its agriculture. Yet, there is growing concern that U.S. rural communities will lose not only their share of agricultural trade but also nonfarm jobs to global competition. This article examines how they can remain competitive relative to low-income countries. ESSAYS ON ISSUES THE FEDERAL RESERVE ...

The key messages in my presentation are taken from the recently completed International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD), which was approved by 60 developed and developing countries in South Africa in April, 2008. The IAASTD was co-sponsored by the World Bank, FAO, UNEP, UNESCO, UNDP, WHO and the GEF. The key findings of the Global Summary for Decision-...

Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Papers is an informal series produced by the Agriculture and Rural Development Department of the World Bank. These papers raise concepts and issues for discussion in the broader development community and describe ongoing research and/or implementation experiences from the Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those...

This paper explores the relationship between migration and agricultural productivity in Ethiopia. Given that there are fairly significant returns to either rural-urban or international migration for labor in Ethiopia, it could be that credit constraints hindering migration start-up are an unexplored constraint against migration. The paper primarily uses the Ethiopia Rural Household Survey panel...

1 Department of Field Crops, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey 2The Scientific and Technical Council of Turkey Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Gebze, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey 3 Department of Biology Education, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey 4Department of Biology, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey 5 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Section Pl...

The objective of this paper is to determine the factors that favour granting credit in microfinance institution at Local Bank Mutual Agricultural Credit (LBMAC) largest BENIN a rural area. In methodological terms, estimation logistic regression model has been made. Several variables are collected explain access agricultural institution. results estimates show that, having one person as guaranto...

Giant? The Potentials and the Pitfalls1 In 2009 the World Bank published a report entitled Awakening Africa’s Sleeping Giant: Prospects for Commercial Agriculture in the Guinea Savannah Zone and Beyond. The report highlights the agricultural potential of Africa’s Guinea Savannah (henceforth GS) zone, which it describes as “one of the largest underused agricultural land reserves in the world” (p...

The claim by global trade modelers that the potential contribution to global economic welfare of removing agricultural subsidies is less than one-tenth of that from removing agricultural tariffs puzzles many observers. To help explain that result, this paper first compares the OECD and model-based estimates of the extent of the producer distortions (leaving aside consumer distortions), and show...