In this study, we determined the sequence of the EcoRI-PstI fragment of the plasmid pCVD432, also termed the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) probe. A primer pair complementary to this probe was designed for PCR amplification of a 630-bp region. Comparison of the analysis of the EAggEC probe sequence with those in database libraries revealed no significant similarity to any known bac...

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum is a well-known human pathogen that mainly causes respiratory disease and is associated with high mortality in compromised hosts. Little is known about the virulence factors and pathogenesis of C. pseudodiphtheriticum. In this study, cultured human epithelial (HEp-2) cells were used to analyse the adherence pattern, internalisation and intracellular survival...

Fifty-five Escherichia coli strains belonging to enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) serogroups were examined for phenotypic and genetic factors associated with virulence. The strains were isolated in Italy from children with diarrhea and identified as EPEC by clinical laboratories using commercially available antisera. O:H serotyping showed that 35 strains (27 of O26, O111, and O128 serogroups) be...

We propose a fully asynchronous networked aggregative game (Asy-NAG) where each player minimizes local cost function that depends on its own action and the aggregate of all players’ actions. In sharp contrast to existing NAGs, in our Asy-NAG can compute an estimate at any wall-clock time by only using (possibly stale) information from neighboring players directed network. Such update does not r...

Herbivores have been hypothesized to adapt locally to variation in plant defences and such adaptation could facilitate novel associations in the context of biological invasions. Here, we show that in the native range of the viburnum leaf beetle (VLB, Pyrrhalta viburni), two populations of geographically isolated hosts-Viburnum opulus and Viburnum tinus-have divergent defences against VLB ovipos...

Data in the Internet are scattered on different sites indeliberately, and accumulated and updated frequently but not synchronously. It is infeasible to collect all the data together to train a global learner for prediction. Even exchanging learners trained on different sites is costly. In this paper, aggregative-learning is proposed. In this paradigm, every site maintains a local learner traine...

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are widely accepted as the best means to synthesise quantitative or qualitative scientific evidence. Many scientific fields have embraced these more rigorous review techniques as a means to bring together large and complex bodies of literature and their data. Unfortunately, due to perceived difficulties and unfamiliarity with processes, other fields are not ...

Is there any number of people you should save from paralysis rather than saving one person death? a migraine Many answer ‘yes’ and ‘no’, respectively. The aim partially aggregative moral views is to capture justify combinations intuitions like these. These contrast with fully views, which imply that the both questions ‘yes’, non-aggregative ‘no’. In this article, I review most natural influenti...

Aggregative games have many industrial applications, and computing an equilibrium in those is challenging when the number of players large. In framework atomic aggregative with coupling constraints, we show that variational Nash equilibria a large game can be approximated by Wardrop auxiliary population smaller dimension. Each this corresponds to group initial game. This approach enables effici...