based on the epistemological theory of islamic reformism which is an important school of thought in the muslim world, in order to gain or construct an authentic knowledge, the interaction between reason and religion is a necessity. this theory faces with two main theoretical challenges. the first challenge is the position of modernists toward this theory. they argue that this theory is in contr...

Apa yang menjadi motif perusahaan terlibat dalam tax avoidance? Literatur menjelaskan terdapat dua argumentasi mengapa avoidance (TA). Pertama, keterlibatan terhadap karena menghemat dana. Kedua, untuk mengelola konflik keagenan (conflict of interest). Studi ini berargumen bahwa berasal dari keagenan, manajer cenderung memanipulasi teks laporan tahunan menutupi demi kepentingan pribadi mereka. ...

Organizational change has been explained according to a variety of perspectives. One approach, the holistic view of organizational development, suggests organizations gravitate towards coherent configurations or “archetypes”. While archetype theory provides a conceptually astute frame in which to examine revolutionary change, it is criticized for emphasizing deterministic, or institutional as o...

** Associate Professor, University of Maryland; National Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University. We are grateful to Ron Gilson, Joe Grundfest, Alan Schwartz, and Eric Talley for helpful comments. Todd Cleary provided excellent research assistance. The support of the John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics at Stanford Law School and The Roberts Center for Law, Business, and Corporate ...