This study aims to examine the effect of financial ratios profitability, liquidity, leverage and agency costs on distress. The tested are leverage, cost ratios. type research is casuality data used secondary data, population this retail companies listed IDX for 2018-2020 period, sampling technique was carried out with purposive techniques, based criteria obtained a sample 13 companies, analysis...

effects of dividend policy on corporate financial growth, is a major concern of most entities. whether dividends have an influence on the value of the firm, is an important question in dividend policy. this study aimed at investigating the effects of dividend policy on financial growth of media firms. the study was conducted in nairobi at the nation media group headquarters. respondents were se...

BACKGROUND Since many offenders have drug problems, investigators have proposed that drug testing and treatment should be an integral part of probation. In 1994, the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) funded a demonstration project designed to integrate drug treatment with traditional supervision services. As part of this demonstration a new procedure called 'seamless' probation was...

This study attempts to identify the variety of marketing channel efficiencies for marketing activities and sets up an optimal marketing distribution mix when using different distribution channels for wholesaler travel agencies. This research examines 12 large-scale travel agencies in Taiwan and offers seven direct and indirect distribution channels in order to establish an optimal marketing dis...

The chronic nature of many prescription drugs used by Medicare beneficiaries suggests that adverse selection could pose a problem in the market for stand-alone prescription drug plans that were created under the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003. Using panel data on the Medicare population from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we find that prescription drug expenditures are less concentra...

This paper answers three questions related to the discrete nature of pollution abatement: (i) does a source's incremental control cost (as defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) necessarily exceed its average control cost, (ii) is incremental control cost a better approximation of a source's willingness to pay for abatement credits than average control cost, and (iii) exactly how ...

OBJECTIVE To determine direct and indirect costs associated with raccoon rabies incidents involving cattle herds in Hampshire County, WV, in 2008 and Guernsey County, Ohio, in 2010. DESIGN Ex post cost analysis. ANIMALS 1 cattle herd in Hampshire County, WV, in 2008 and 1 cattle herd in Guernsey County, Ohio, in 2010. PROCEDURES Data were collected for each incident through telephone and ...

Since it first appeared, agency theory has argued that debt can decrease issues between agent and principal enhance the value of firms. This paper explores moderating effect cost on association capital structure firm performance. A panel econometric method, namely a fixed-effect regression model, was used to evaluate above description. investigation uses secondary data collected from published ...