D uchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) leads to progressive muscle weakness, causing respiratory failure [1, 2]. Untreated patients die at ,25 yrs of age, and the mean age of death in the 1960s was 15 yrs. The introduction of mechanical ventilation has improved survival compared with historical controls [1–3]. This finding has led to general agreement that noninvasive ventilation prolongs life in p...

Overall diet in early childhood may affect the development of respiratory symptoms. This study examined whether childhood dietary patterns are associated with respiratory symptoms in Dutch pre-school children, and whether this association could be explained by energy intake. A prospective cohort study was performed in 2,173 children aged ≤ 4 yrs. Data on asthma-related symptoms were obtained by...

OBJECTIVE To examine the age and sex-specific associations of urine levels of six mono-phthalates with body size and fat distribution in Chinese children at puberty. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred and ninety-three school-aged children (247 boys, 246 girls) were recruited. Obesity related anthropometric indices were measured and body fat proportion (BF%) was calculated. Spot urine samples ...

Age-related changes in mastication-induced brain neuronal activity have been suggested. However, in humans, little is known about the anatomical regions involved. Using fMRI during cycles of rhythmic gum-chewing and no chewing, we have examined the effect of aging on brain regional activity during chewing in young adult (19-26 yrs), middle-aged (42-55 yrs), and aged (65-73 yrs) healthy humans. ...

C N S S P E C T R U M S 355 ABSTRACT Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder which effects an estimated 3% to 5% of children. Despite estimates that ADHD persists in 30% to70% of adults having had the disorder in childhood, ADHD in adulthood remains controversial. This report summarizes current thinking in the diagnosis and etiology of adult ADHD. Most theori...

Extracellular phosphate plays a key role in growth plate maturation by inducing Erk1/2 (Mapk3/1) phosphorylation, leading to hypertrophic chondrocyte apoptosis. The Raf kinases induce Mek1/2 (Map2k1/2) and Erk1/2 phosphorylation; however, a role for Raf kinases in endochondral bone formation has not been identified. Ablation of both A-Raf (Araf) and B-Raf (Braf) in chondrocytes does not alter g...

In the present study positive mental health of Kho-Kho players were compared in the light of their sports achievements. To conduct the study, 40 national male kho-kho players (Ave. age 25.72 yrs.), 40 state level male kho-kho players (Ave. age 23.12 yrs) and 40 district level male kho-kho players (Ave. age 20.66 yrs.) were selected as sample. Three dimensional positive mental health inventory p...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in childhood are related to insulin resistance in adolescence. Further, to explore how fatness and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO(2peak)) moderate this relationship. Methods. 292 nine-year-old children (n = 292) were followed for 4 years. Anthropometrics and VO(2peak) were measured. Fasting blood samples were analy...

Background: Association between body mass indexes (BMI) and blood pressure have been observed, but remains poorly understood. BMI is shown to be a measure of overweight status and is applicable to all populations. In this cross-sectional study we have examined the relationship between the BMI and blood pressure in school age children. Methods: This study comprised of 486 boys and 463 girls at a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate self-reported health-related quality of life, anxiety, depression, and cognitive function in pediatric septic shock survivors. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING A 14-bed tertiary pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS Children aged >or=8 yrs at the time of the follow-up who were admitted between 1995 and 2004 for septic shock. Inotropic and or vasoconstri...