classification of the sciences has always been an essential part of the islamic scientific thought. this was due to the significant role of science in the islamic culture and as well as the development of various scientific traditions in this civilization.philosophy of science, today, discusses the classification of sciences in which methods, subject matters, and goals of the science are studie...

The science of interpretation has a special position in the Islamic sciences and has been addressed seriously by Muslims from the very first days of Islam, because interpretation is to understand and discover the points of the best speech, i.e. the speech of the Sublime Allāh. One of the new commentaries on Muslims' divine book is al-Tafsīr al-munīr fī al-‘aqīda wa al-sharī‘a wa al-munhaj, auth...

in present research, four of qajar prose works were initially selected as following: nasekh al-tavarikh of muhammad taghi lesan al-molk sepehr, masalek al-mohsenin of ‘abd al-rahim tabrizi, majma’ al-fosaha of reza gholi khan hedayat, and hezar-o-yek shab translated by ‘abd al-latif tasuji tabrizi. their most important writing and editing errors such as verbs, plural signs, words and structures...

cases where bayt al-mal is responsible for payment of compensation are sometimes accompanied by intensification of compensation. the question is that whether bayt al-mal should pay the intensified compensation in such cases. this question has not been answered in juristic and, legal texts. in addition to causing difference in opinions, it has caused courts to doubt generalization of the intensi...

quṭb al-dīn shīrāzī wrote several huge works not only on mathematical sciences and philosophy, but also on medicine: a commentary on volume 1 of ibn sīnā’s al-qānūn fī al-ṭibb entitled al-tuḥfa al-saʿdīya in nine volumes. this is not surprising because quṭb al-dīn came from a family of physicians and he received medical education in his youth by reading ibn sīnā’s qānūn. this enormous commentar...

abu al-al?’ al-ma’arri has presented his specific thought and viewpoint in arabic classical literature. he lived at the time when arabic literature was at its zenith of richness and maturity. this literary and thinking figure has affected the literary men after him in differing ways. contemporary poets, relying on his literature, have promoted their own literary innovations, and thereby have en...