Recent significant improvements to the development of CFD-based unsteady aerodynamic reduced-order models (ROMs) are implemented into the FUN3D unstructured flow solver. These improvements include the simultaneous excitation of the structural modes of the CFD-based unsteady aerodynamic system via a single CFD solution, minimization of the error between the full CFD and the ROM unsteady aerodyna...

We study the trajectory of dense projectiles subjected to gravity and drag at large Reynolds number. We show that two types of trajectories can be observed: if the initial velocity is smaller than the terminal velocity of free fall, we observe the classical Galilean parabola: if it is larger, the projectile decelerates with an asymmetric trajectory first drawn by Tartaglia, which ends with a ne...

This paper presented methods to determine the aerodynamic forces that acton an aircraft wing during flight. These methods are initially proposed for asimplified two degree-of-freedoms airfoil model and then are extensivelyapplied for a multi-degree-of-freedom airfoil system. Different airspeedconditions are considered in establishing such methods. The accuracy of thepresented methods is verifie...

The present study attempts to characterize the aerodynamic conditions required for the production of apical trills and to account for some universal tendencies in the patterning of trills in terms of their aerodynamic and distinctiveness requirements. In order to ascertain the aerodynamic conditions required for trills, oropharyngeal pressure (Po) and airflow were recorded simultaneously in two...

The aerodynamic behavior of a 48’ yacht rig 3D scale model was characterized by means of wind tunnel tests. The experimental program, performed in the Politecnico di Milano Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel, allowed the aerodynamic forces to be characterized using forced motion tests and the aeroelastic behavior of the sail plan to be studied. Preliminary results are presented with reference to the typi...

Aerodynamically economical flight is steady and level. The high-amplitude flapping and bounding flight style of many small birds departs considerably from any aerodynamic or purely mechanical optimum. Further, many large birds adopt a flap-glide flight style in cruising flight which is not consistent with purely aerodynamic economy. Here, an account is made for such strategies by noting a well-...

[1] A multitude of sensitivity studies in the literature point to the importance of proper chemical and morphological characterization of particles when the radiative impacts of airborne dusts are modeled. However, the community data set is based on heterogeneous measurement methods relying on varying aerodynamic, chemical, morphological, and optical means. During the Puerto Rico Dust Experimen...

Power enhancement technologies for gas turbines such as inlet fogging, interstage water injection, saturation cooling, inlet chillers, and combustor injection are being used by end users without evaluating the potentially negative effects these devices may have on the operational integrity of the gas turbine. Specifically, the effect of these add-on devices, off-design operating conditions, non...

The diversity of wing morphologies in birds reflects their variety of flight styles and the associated aerodynamic and inertial requirements. Although the aerodynamics underlying wing morphology can be informed by aeronautical research, important differences exist between planes and birds. In particular, birds operate at lower, transitional Reynolds numbers than do most aircraft. To date, few q...

Wing geometric parameters govern the aerodynamic performance of insects and micro aerial vehicles. Previous studies of wing shapes have been limited to rigid wings. The aerodynamic hovering performance of rigid and flexible wing shapes for aspect ratio AR = 1.5 is evaluated computationally at the Reynolds number (Re) of 400. The three-dimensional viscous incompressible Navier-Stokes equations a...