Many studies on test anxiety among adult language learners have been performed, while only a few studies have dealt with overall test anxiety. In addition, these studies do not specifically address test anxiety in foreign language learning among elementary school language learners. Thus, this study aims to investigate the level of test anxiety among young learners of English as a foreign langua...

Cognitive linguists contend that learners’ awareness of motivations is the key in not only second language acquisition but also figurative language learning. Two cognitive-oriented methods are proposed to raise L2 learners’ awareness on metaphoric/metonymic expressions and to enhance retention: instruction involving conceptual metaphors (CM) and instruction involving metaphoric mappings (MM). T...

this paper elaborates on persian and english orthographic shared aspects to study the effects of l1 persian on learning english as a foreign language. while there are some examples of letter and sound mismatches in the orthographic system of both languages, those of english are more complex than persian. in order to see the effect of the mismatch between orthography and transcription, 40 persia...

This paper deals with the treatment of word etymology in monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. It also investigates EFL learners' attitudes towards the importance of etymology for understanding the meaning of the words they look up in dictionaries. The data were collected through tasks of looking up Arabic loan words in English in monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. The results indicate t...

Studies on language learning have revealed that collocation knowledge is an important indicator for advanced second language competence. Native speakers' production relies heavily on prefabricated or pre-made chunks such as collocations, which save processing load to achieve language fluency and accuracy. Previous investigation on ESL and EFL students indicated that nonnative learners' collocat...

The purpose of this research was to examine how Korean and Japanese EFL learners’ speech act of compliment is transferred from their native cultures when they are interacting in English, and to investigate if the two cultural groups display different or similar strategies in giving and responding compliment. The subjects were 20 intermediate-level Korean and Japanese university students, who pa...

over the recent years, the study of language learning strategies has received much attention worldwide in general, and in iran in particular. many scholars have tried to investigate the function of language learning strategies in efl learning and teaching. not enough attention, however, has been paid to language skills, especially speaking skill, in iran. therefore, the present study aimed at s...