This paper presents a three-level supply chain model which includes single supplier, several distribution centers and sets of retailers. For this purpose, by adopting the queuing approach, a mixed nonlinear integer programming model is formulated. The proposed model follows minimizing the total cost of the system by determining: 1) the number and location of distribution centers between candida...

This paper has been prepared as a background paper for the conference on " Monetary Cum Exchange Rate: What works best for emerging market economies? " to be held under the auspices Abstract The successes of inflation targeting monetary policies in established market economies have generated an interest among policy makers in some emerging market economies to explore the feasibility of adopting...

primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism can present with a brown tumor of the mandible. involvement of other skull and facial bones is extremely rare. only a few cases with brown tumor of the orbital bones have been reported. an is year old girl with primary hyperparathyroidism presented with unilateral exophthalmos caused by brown tumor of the orbital roof, lite patient had a 1.5 cm palpable ...

When considering adoption of a domestic climate change policy, politicians and the public frequently refer to concerns about competitiveness. Competitiveness in this context does not have a precise economic definition. In this article, we discuss possible ways to anchor the concept of competitiveness in economic analysis. This framework then serves as the basis of a systematic survey the litera...

This paper analyzes the nature of e-commerce policy actions in three European countries. Compiling the EU and national policy instruments into four groups (regulation and legislation, knowledge diffusion, economic incentives and e-government), France is viewed as a front-runner with early Minitel applications but loosing steam during the EC rush. Germany is the European EC power house with a la...

The contention-free policy has received attention in real-time multiprocessor scheduling owing to its wide applicability and significant improvement in offline schedulability guarantees. Utilizing the notion of contention-free slots in which the number of active jobs is smaller than or equal to the number of processors, the policy improves the schedulability by offloading executions in contendi...

Morocco is about to start implementing an Association Agreement with the European Union (AAEU) at the same time as the country adjusts its trade policies to conform to WTO rules. A major policy question facing Morocco's policy makers is whether and to what extent they should pursue additional unilateral trade liberalization. Given that Morocco's agriculture currently enjoys substantial protecti...

A utility maximizing model of allocating limited attention between adopting new behaviors and adapting current behaviors generates an optimal policy that resembles commonly observed, and apparently irrational, behavioral rules. The ability to update current behaviors implies an endogenous opportunity cost of adopting a new behavior. If this cost is sufficiently high, then behaviors are less tha...

two-hundred and seventeen subjects underwent transvaginal ultrasound -17 (8%) had unilateral polycystic ovary (pco). twelve percent of subjects with unilateral scan-pea had oligomenorrhea, 24% were amenorrheic, 23% were hirsute and 29% had acne. biochemical parameters were compared between subjects with unilateral scan- pco and those with bilateral scan- pco (n=200) as well as a group of scan-n...