Current evidence suggests that pigs were first domesticated in Eastern Anatolia during the ninth millennium cal BC before dispersing into Europe with Early Neolithic farmers from the beginning of the seventh millennium. Recent ancient DNA (aDNA) research also indicates the incorporation of European wild boar into domestic stock during the Neolithization process. In order to establish the timing...

Introduction In a previous study conducted by our group we observed an unusual prevalence of tittles of antinuclear (ANA) and anti-DNA (aDNA) antibodies in children who were previously negative for both antibodies and who received any biologic therapy due to a childhood rheumatic systemic disease (CRSD). This observation has been reported in adulthood previously, mainly in patients exposed to a...

1 Reconstructing Paleogenomes 245 1.1 Ancient DNA 245 1.1.1 The Nature of Ancient DNA 245 1.1.2 The Common Effects of DNA Damage 246 1.2 The Recovery and Sequencing of Ancient DNA 246 1.2.1 Ancient DNA Extraction 246 1.2.2 DNA Library Preparation 247 1.2.3 Capture-Based Target Enrichment 248 1.2.4 Quantification of aDNA and Sequencing 249 1.3 Assembly and Analysis of a Paleogenome 250 1.3.1 Ini...

Over the past decade, several technologies have emerged to access nucleic acid-tagged libraries and select the fittest compound within such libraries. This perspective focuses on recent development with PNA-tagged small molecules displayed on DNA templates for screening purposes and to probe the optimal geometry in multivalent interactions. WINSSINGER, Nicolas. DNA display of PNA-tagged ligands...

The field of ancient DNA (aDNA) typically uses between 50 and 200 mg minimum input weight bone material for the extraction from archaeological remains. While laboratory analysis techniques have focused on improved efficiency extracting useable sequence data older poorer quality remains, requirements rarely been critically evaluated. Here, we present aDNA 121 size-constrained Atlantic herring re...

Horses and donkeys have had a far-reaching impact on human history, providing mechanical power for agriculture transportation. Their F1-hybrids, especially mules, also been of considerable importance due to their exceptional strength, endurance resistance. The reconstruction the respective role that horses, mules played in past societies requires prior identification osseous elements archaeolog...

Current models of bacterial homologous recombination (HR) posit that extensive resection of a DNA double-strand break (DSB) by a multisubunit helicase-nuclease machine (e.g. RecBCD, AddAB or AdnAB) generates the requisite 3' single-strand DNA substrate for RecA-mediated strand invasion. AdnAB, the helicase-nuclease implicated in mycobacterial HR, consists of two subunits, AdnA and AdnB, each co...

The multiannual dynamic of the cyst-forming and toxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum was studied over a time scale of about 150 years by a paleoecological approach based on ancient DNA (aDNA) quantification and cyst revivification data obtained from two dated sediment cores of the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France). The first genetic traces of the species presence in the study area date...

Despite toxoplasmosis being a common infection among human and other warm-blooded animals worldwide, there are no findings about Toxoplasma gondii evolutionary forms in ancient populations. The molecular techniques used for amplification of genetic material have allowed recovery of ancient DNA (aDNA) from parasites contained in mummified tissues. The application of polymerase chain reaction (PC...

Post-mortem damage-driven mutations are a phenomena associated with ancient DNA (aDNA) studies. A previous study has demonstrated that the distribution of such mutations in human mitochondrial DNA is not random, but is concentrated in ‘hotspots’ that correlate with sites of elevated mutation rate in vivo. However, as the previous study was undertaken on human samples, it is possible for a criti...