the administrative system is a means of achieving the goals of political, economic, social and cultural systems of any society. it seems the nature and content of administrative management system affected by the construction and nature of governing system in every society. thus, there is a proactive relationship between these systems. therefore competency-based administrative system is equivale...

the kind of contracts of government and public organisations that relates public affaires, that named public or administrative contracts , are very important to fulfil legal duties of government, and public contracts are new forms of providing public welfare, and management of public services, that are based on consenting instead of being authoritarian, but had been studied less in iran law bec...

The fashionable phrase, "human services integration," has many possible operational meanings. It is especially important to distinguish between integration as a set of administrative techniques or structural arrangements, on the one hand, and integration as a characteristic of services or their manner of delivery, on the other. This leaves open the possibility of empirically testing how certain...

well-illustrated presentation of electron microscopy of the mammalian choroid plexus by Wislocki and Ladman discloses many fine details of intracellular structure, some of which suggest strongly the presence of an active secretory process. The tissue culture experiments of Lumsden show that under the experimental conditions the choroid villus is capable of absorbing and concentrating dye soluti...

Recent improvements in the condition of British Cental hospitals and their patients have resulted from social action, informed by knowledge gained from social sciences and psychotherapy. The synthesis of these insights, and their realisation in the administration of a mental hospital, are described by Doctor David Clark as Administrative Therapy. His book is directed to the young psychiatrist b...

While every IT professional knows from experience that handling change is much harder and more expensive than building IT systems from scratch, only little scientific attention has been paid to prepare for change. This issue is of great importance since usually 80-90% of the total cost of ownership (TCO) of IT systems are maintenance costs. In our networked society changes may result from diffe...

In December 2007 and December 2009, Austria’s Federal Parliament decided on a far-reaching, comprehensive budget reform package. The introduction of a mediumterm expenditure framework with legally binding expenditure ceilings, of accrual budgeting and accounting and of performance budgeting marks a decisive change, not only in steering the budget, but even more so in the Austrian administrative...