Objective(s): Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CGRP on pain behavioral responses and on levels of monoamines in the periaqueductal gray area (PAG) during the formalin test in rats.Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male rats wer...

aim and background:   poor controlled postoperative pain not only causes acute and chronic methods and materials:   in a randomized double-blind clinical trial, 50 patients scheduled for findings:   vas scores and opioid consumption between two groups in recovery room and at 2, 4 conclusions:   local anesthetic wound infiltration in abdominal surgeries decreases postoperative

A variety of nonsurgical treatment alternatives exists for acute and chronic low back pain. Patients should receive appropriate education about the favorable natural history of low back pain, basic body mechanics, and methods (eg, exercises, activity modification, behavioral modification) that can reduce symptoms. Nonprescription medication is efficacious for mild to moderate pain. Nonsteroidal...

In Iranian traditional medicine, olive has been reported to have analgesic and anti-inflamatory effects. In the present study the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflamatory effects of olive fruit has been studied. In this study the methanolic and aqueous extract of the fruit with HER (Herbal to Extract Ratio) of 4.96% and 4.84% has been used and analgesic effect of this extract has been compared wit...

introduction: it is known that acute and chronic stress induce hormonal and neuronal changes which affecting both pain threshold and nociceptive behaviours. orexin plays an important role in modulation of pain and stress. considering pain modulation during stress and the role of orexin in pain and stress, orexin might be involved in pain modulation during stress.we evaluated the involvement of ...

objective(s) the role of elaeagnus angustifolia fruit as an analgesic agent in acute pain has been proved earlier. in this study, the effects of aqueous extracts of three parts of this fruit (pericarp, medulla and seed) on chronic pain were investigated in mice. materials and methods a partial nerve injury was made using a tight ligature around the sciatic nerve, then doses (0.5, 1, 1.5 g/kg, i...

OBJECTIVE Chronic post surgical pain (CPSP) occurres frequently (from 10% to 50%) and has serious effects on the mood and activities of patients. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between acute post surgical pain and chronic post surgical pain. METHODS Electronic search databases included PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane database and web of science. 9-stars Newcastle-Ottawa Scale w...