conclusions more than 95% of 15 to 25 year-old women (main reproductive age in iran) are within acceptable immunity range. level of immunity to rubella in women of reproductive age in this region appears satisfactory. patients and methods this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 760 women younger than 25 years attending medical centers in ahvaz. a sample of 3 ml of venous blood w...

background: the aim of the present study was the comparison of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in broilers fed with different levels of zinc during a coccidiosis challenge. methods: one hundred and forty- four one-day-old broiler chicks were used with three dietary zinc (40, 120 and 200 mg/kg). at 14 d of age, all birds were inoculated orally with 5×10 3 sporulated oocysts of e. tenella . at...

Phosphoinositides are key lipids in eukaryotes, regulating organelles' identity and function. Their synthesis turnover require specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events that ensured by dedicated lipid kinases phosphatases, which modulate the structure of inositol ring adding or removing phosphates on positions 3, 4 5. Beside their implication intracellular signalization cytoskeleton dyn...

It has been suggested that enteric bacteria initiate a destructive immunological reaction in ulcerative colitis either because of antigenic similarity to colon (Perlmann, Hammarstr6m, Lagercrantz, and Gustafsson, 1965) or by acting as a hapten (Kirsner, 1965). If this immunity is of the cell-mediated type, it may be demonstrated by a local reaction following intradermal inoculation with a test ...

Neutrophils are granulocytic cytotoxic leukocytes of the innate immune system that activate during acute inflammation. Neutrophils can also persist beyond the acute phase of inflammation to impact the adaptive immune response during chronic inflammation. In the context of the autoimmune disease, neutrophils modulating T and B cell functions by producing cytokines and chemokines, forming neutrop...

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death crucial for development, homeostasis, immunity, spermatogenesis, and prevention of cancer. Positive selection acting on mammalian apoptosis related genes targets protein interfaces that interact with pathogens and also elements of signaling complexes. Selection appears primarily to be driven by the immune/defense related function of these genes. More...

humoral immune response of vaccine-i (supermatent from sonicated sporulated oocyst), vaccine –ii (sediment from sonicated sporulated oocyst) and vaccine –iii (un-sonicated sporulated oocyst) against conccidiosis in chickens was determined by indirect haemagglutination (iha) test. iha antibody titre was significantly higher (p

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes morbidity and mortality in a range of animals and threatens local economies by acting as a barrier to international trade. The outbreak in the United Kingdom in 2001 that cost billions to control highlighted the risk that the pathogen poses to agriculture. In response, several mathematical models have been developed to parameterize and predict both tra...

Glycemic control in hospitalized patients who are not in intensive care remains unsatisfactory. Despite persistent expert recommendations urging its abandonment, the use of sliding-scale insulin remains pervasive in U.S. hospitals. Evidence for the effectiveness of sliding-scale insulin is lacking after more than 40 years of use. New physiologic subcutaneous insulin protocols use basal, nutriti...

introduction since directly acting antivirals (daas) for treatment of hepatitis c virus (hcv) were introduced, conflicting data emerged about the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) after interferon (ifn)-free treatments. we present a case of recurrent, extra-hepatic hcc in a liver-transplanted patient soon after successful treatment with daas, along with a short review of literature. conclu...