Opioid abuse is a growing global problem. Current therapies for opioid target withdrawal symptoms and have several adverse side effects. There are no treatments to address opioid-induced neural adaptations associated with addiction. Preclinical research demonstrates interactions between the endogenous cannabinoid systems, suggesting that cannabinoids may be used treat addiction dependence. The ...

Schizophrenia is a severe disorder of personality which has a genetic basis. Schizophrenia arises from a change in brain development. There is no strong evidence that disturbances in neurotransmitter systems are a primary cause. Anti-psychotic drugs act primarily through D2 and D3 dopamine receptors. The atypical drug clozapine may act through a number of different receptors, including D2, D3 a...

■ ■ 2.5 μm particle size provides the flexibility to operate on a variety of systems IN T RO DU C T IO N Hydrophilic-interaction chromatography (HILIC) is increasingly becoming a method of choice for the analysis of polar compounds [1-5]. One set of polar analytes that poses particular challenges are the monoamine neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), epinephrine (EP), and norepin...

Brexpiprazole, a serotonin-dopamine activity modulator, is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and also adjunctive therapy to antidepressants Major Depressive Disorder. To determine drug–drug interaction risk cytochrome P450, SLC ABC transporters, brexpiprazole its metabolite, DM-3411 were assessed in this vitro investigation.Brexpiprazole exhibited weak inhibitory effects (IC50 >13 μm...

OBJECTIVE Visual contrast detection has been reported in some studies to be normal in schizophrenia patients, but in other studies impairments have been reported. Because contrast detection in the visual processing system is mediated by dopamine, and because the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia involves blocking dopamine postsynaptic receptor sites, the authors investigated the effects of dopam...

Schizophrenia is an aetiologically complex disorder arising from the interaction of a range of factors acting at various stages of life. Schizophrenic individuals inherit genes that cause structural brain deviations which may be compounded by early environmental insults. As a result some pre-schizophrenic children exhibit subtle developmental delays, cognitive problems, or poor interpersonal re...

Mental illnesses, such as bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression and schizophrenia are a major public health concern worldwide. Several pharmacologic agents acting on monoamine neurotransmission are used for the management of these disorders. However, there is still little understanding of the ultimate molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects ...

Background PD comorbid with schizophrenia has been considered rare because these diseases associate opposite alterations in the brain dopamine system. The objective of this study was to investigate risk after a diagnosis spectrum disorder. Methods Regionally, retrospective record-based case–control study. cohort included 3045 patients treated 2004–2019 southwestern Finland. Nationally nested us...

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder with a challenging rational pharmacotherapy. Neurochemical transmission in the dopaminergic system, especially via D2 receptors, and related changes in postsynaptic signal transduction are very important in both the formation of schizophrenia and current pharmacotherapeutic treatment with antipsychotic drugs. Blocking the serotonergic 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C...

dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia first emerged in relation to the ability of anti-dopaminergic compounds to reverse psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotics are still the gold standard for treating schizophrenia, despite their limited success in the management of negative symptoms and their side effect profile. Several non-dopaminergic hypotheses have emerged based on a variety of studies. We wil...