The terms acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and alkalinity (Alk) are extensively employed in the characterization of natural waters, including soft circumneutral or acidic waters. However, in the presence of organic acids, ANC measurements are inconsistent with many conceptual definitions of ANC or Alk and do not provide an adequate characterization of the acid-base chemistry of water. Knowledge...

Sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose commonly isolates nanocrystals (CNCs). Neutralizing the reactant solution with sodium hydroxide facilitates efficient downstream processing, but residual salt remains in product. This study examines reinforcing effects CNCs from suspensions that contain on mechanical properties thermoplastic starch nanocomposites. By films up to 5 wt% CNCs, stiffn...

The most intensively studied rotavirus strains initially attach to cells when the "heads" of their protruding spikes bind cell surface sialic acid. Rotavirus strains that cause disease in humans do not bind this ligand. The structure of the sialic acid binding head (the VP8* core) from the simian rotavirus strain RRV has been reported, and neutralization epitopes have been mapped onto its surfa...

In this report, we summarize our studies to find novel, neutralizing antibodies against BoNT/E, as well as the investigation into methods to generate cell lines expressing neutralizing antibodies or antibody-like molecules with specificities against BoNT/A, /B, and /E. Through a series of rat and rabbit immunizations, we generated twelve recombinant MAbs capable of neutralizing 100LD50s of BoNT...

− In this study we investigated the effects of Magnolia Bark (MB) extract and its constituents, such as honokiol and magnolol, on gastritis in rats and the growth of human gastric cancer cells. The MB extract, honokiol, and magnolol showed the acid-neutralizing capacities, the antioxidant activities, and the inhibitory effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori.) at the dose of 50 μ...

To assess the chemical stability of sludges generated by neutralizing acid rock drainage (ARD) with alkaline reagents, synthetic ARD was treated with hydrated lime (batch and high-density sludge process), limestone, and two proprietary reagents (KB-1 and Bauxsol). The amorphous metal hydroxide sludge produced was leached using deionized water, U.S. EPA methods (toxicity characteristic leaching ...

We present an untemplated, single-component antisense oligonucleotide delivery system capable of regulating mRNA abundance in live human cells. While most approaches to nucleic acid delivery rely on secondary carriers and complex multicomponent charge-neutralizing formulations, we demonstrate efficient delivery using a simple locked nucleic acid (LNA)-polymer conjugate that assembles into spher...

a polyamine-formaldehyde resin (Amberlite IR-4) as an anion exchange resin on the gastric secretions of rats. The acid neutralizing characteristics of the resin suggested its trial in the treatment of peptic ulcer but the large volume required to remove clinical amounts of acid from solution rendered its use impractical, even though feeding experiments showed the substance to be innocuous. Howe...

In Switzerland, waste wood fly ash (WWFA) must be treated before deposition on landfills due to its high pollutant load (Cr(VI) and heavy metals). Acid leaching, the process used for metal recovery from municipal solid incineration (MSWIFA), represents a possible treatment depletion Cr(VI) reduction in WWFA. The co-processing of WWFA with MSWIFA during acid leaching was investigated laboratory-...