Femtosecond laser irradiation followed by chemical etching (FLICE) with hydrogen fluoride (HF) is an emerging technique for the fabrication of directly buried, three-dimensional microfluidic channels in silica. The procedure, as described in literature, consists of irradiating a silica slab followed by chemical etching using hydrogen fluoride. With aqueous HF the etching process is diffusion-li...

color metallography is a useful method for characterizing microstructures of steels with multiple phases. in this paper, application of three different color etching techniques for a bainitic-martensitic steel is reported. comparisons between the results showed that 10% na2s2o5 aqueous solution was the best etchant for distinguishing martensite, bainite and ferrite phases. the obtained microgra...

In view of the fact that the radon progeny contribute the highest to the natural radiation dose to general populations, large scale and long-term measurements of radon and its progeny in the houses have been receiving considerable attention. Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) based systems, being the best suited for large scale passive monitoring, have been widely used for the radon gas...

INTRODUCTION Systems that bond composite material to enamel are constantly modernized (application is simplified and the number of system components is reduced). The latest products are one-coat systems combining etchant, primer, and bond. Use of such systems is easier for the dentist and adds to patient's comfort. The aim of this work was to evaluate microscopically the composite material--bon...

Towards fabricating stress-tuned lasers on GaAs ubstrates, four major topics have been addressed. First, fabrication of piezoelectric thin films on GaAs has been accomplished. A maximum remnant polarization of 20 ~C/cm2 and a coercive field of 60 kV/cm were achieved. Improvement in the quality of the Si3N 4 passivation layer (from a pinhole density of 1700 mm-2 down to 60 mm-2) and optimization...

The single conical nanochannel investigated here was produced in polymer films using the ion track-etching technique. [S1] Before the chemical etching process, the samples of PET were exposed to the UV light for 1 h from each side. To produce a conical nanochannel, etching was performed only from one side, the other side of the cell contains a solution that is able to neutralize the etchant as ...

In this work, the dependence of bulk etches rate VB for CR-39detector on thetemperature T, etching time t and concentration N NaOH etchant solution has been studied fordetectors material types PADC. The concentration, time, temperatureand other conditions havebeen varied in ranges (5.25-8.25) N, (1-5) hand (60-80) °C PADC respectively. case, thickness removed by from 0.20 to 6.10