The strong ion approach provides a quantitative physicochemical method for describing the mechanism for an acid-base disturbance. The approach requires species-specific values for the total concentration of plasma nonvolatile buffers (A(tot)) and the effective dissociation constant for plasma nonvolatile buffers (K(a)), but these values have not been determined for human plasma. Accordingly, th...

The aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2) system stoichiometric dissociation constants K1 and K2 express the relative concentrations of CO2, HCO3? (bicarbonate), CO32? (carbonate) in terms pH. These are critical study seawater oceans because any mathematical expression that relates four major CO2 parameters (pH, here expressed on total hydrogen ion concentration scale, pHT; dissolved inorganic carbon, C...

Spectrophotometric, kinetic, and nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicate that alkaline sodium picrate and creatinine react to form a 1/1 aduct between picric and creatinine, with a stability constant of log K= 4.26. Kinetic studies indicate that the forward reaction is first order with respect to picric acid, hydroxide, and creatinine concentration. The reverse reaction, the dissociation of...

Edwards 1 has recently described the use of the ultra-violet spectrophotometer to measure the dissociation constant of salicylamide. In a search for a method of analysis of the insecticide Parathion, it was noticed that one of its decomposition products, p-nitrophenol, had an ultra-violet spectrum of an unusually simple nature, consisting of two bands, one of which was enhanced in alkaline solu...

Acids and alkalis are considered important catalysts in biomass pretreatment, which is essential to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulose for sugar release. In this study, the effects of various chemicals and temperatures on the pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw were investigated. The conversions of glucan and xylan during pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolys...