BACKGROUND AND AIMS The French Pain Society published guidelines for neuropathic pain management in 2010. Our aim was to evaluate the compliance of GPs with these guidelines three years later. METHODS We used "e" case vignette methodology for this non interventional study. A national panel of randomly selected GPs was included. We used eight "e" case-vignettes relating to chronic pain, differ...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pre- vs postincisional low-dose iv ketamine on postoperative pain in outpatients scheduled for oral surgery under general anesthesia. METHODS Eighty-four patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenously saline before and after surgery in Group 1, ketamine 300 microg x kg(-1) iv before and saline after surgery in Group 2, saline...

CASE REPORT. A 16-year old boy was admitted following an overdose of 48 tablets of diclofenac 100 mg, 20 tablets of codeine phosphate 30 mg and 40 tablets of paracetamol 500 mg. He was alert and felt well on admission. General examination was normal. His serum paracetamol level on arrival was 34 mg/I, which did not justify treatment with acetyl cysteine. Serum sodium, potassium and urea were no...

BACKGROUND Nonmedical use of prescription medication is a significant and growing public health concern in the United States. Drug utilization measures that can reliably quantify the extent of nonmedical use of a given medication or medication class would greatly facilitate efforts to identify, monitor, and constrain nonmedical prescription drug use. Measures making use of prescription claims d...

BACKGROUND Codeine represents a commonly used drug to suppress cough. Central antitussive effect of codeine has been confirmed in a number of animal studies. However, available data related to antitussive activity of codeine in rabbits are very limited. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of codeine on cough, single expiratory responses (expiration-like reflex) induced by mechanical tracheo...

S. HERLING, Naltrexone effects on foodand codeine-maintained responding in rhesus monkeys, European J. Pharmacol. 73 (1981) 41--49. The delivery of food or the i.v. injection of codeine maintained lever pressing in rhesus monkeys during alternating periods of daily experimental sessions. Responding was maintained by food or codeine under a chain differential reinforcement of other behavior 30 s...

QUESTION In light of the recent evidence of adverse events in infants whose mothers use codeine medication, we have been struggling with the issue of how to manage codeine analgesia in our postpartum patients. What are some guidelines for the safe use of codeine during breastfeeding? ANSWER Motherisk has summarized recent scientific evidence into suggested guidelines for the safe use of codei...

INTRODUCTION Misuse of opioid analgesics, in combination with diversion, dependence, and fatal overdoses, presents a serious problem for public health, which affects many countries worldwide. Within this context, tampering with opioids has been associated with serious harm. The aim of the present study was to assess the tampering potential of codeine combination analgesics on the market (contai...

Brown Mixture (BM), containing opium powder (10.0-10.5% morphine), opium tincture (0.9-1.1% morphine), or camphorated opium tincture (0.045-0.055% morphine), is a popular remedy, while heroin use is prohibited in Taiwan. Thus, for specimens that are tested positive for morphine, specimen donors' claims of BM use have to be adequately addressed. This study was designed to develop and validate a ...

Our objective was to examine the effect of rifampin on codeine's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in extensive (EMs) and poor (PMs) metabolizers of debrisoquin. Fifteen healthy, nonsmoking males, 9 EMs and 6 PMs of debrisoquin, received codeine (120 mg) before and after rifampin (600 mg/d) for 3 weeks. The effects of codeine on respiration, pupil diameter and psychomotor performance were m...