â â â â â  bashar b. burd's atheism: reality or politics? â  â seyyed mohammad javad moosavi bafrooi * â  â abstract â many historical events demand more reflection. one of such cases is bashshar b. burd about whom there are different opinions. some people believe that he was killed because of the accusation of being atheist. however, because of the following reasons, it seems that such a ...

In a first section, we discuss Quine’s claim according to which identity is a logical notion. We point out that Quine mixes up various types of identities: trivial (or diagonal) identity, Leibniz identity, etc.; and this leads him to commit several mistakes. In a second section, we review Quine’s criticisms to various philosophers (Wittgenstein, Whitehead, Leibniz, etc.), who according to him m...

according to ayatollah maleki mianji, in monotheistic religions, the knowledge of the nature of god is not suspect and the unknown; rather  the knowledge of god in the hearts and lives has been entrusted. on the other hand, according to the theology of calvin lot of effort to reject and repudiate the existence of god and living  without  him, is the witness to desire and inclination to god. aya...

Rāmānuja was the founder of Visistādvaita Vedānta School, which is one of the three main schools of Vedānta. According to Rāmānuja, the soul (cit), Brahman, and matter (acit) constitute the three principal ontological realities. Rāmānuja provides some proofs for the existence of the soul, which are mostly based on self-consciousness. The relationship of the soul with the matter, on one hand, an...