this article will address the extension of super efficiency method to rank the non-extreme efficient decision making units. many methodologies have introduced methods that can rank efficient units, amongst which, the super efficiency method due to its ability to provide meaningful geometrical as well as economic analyses has a significant place. but the common problem with all the super efficie...

multi-objective optimization is the simultaneous consideration of two or more objective functions that are completely or partially inconflict with each other. the optimality of such optimizations is largely defined through the pareto optimality. multiple objective integer linear programs (moilp) are special cases of multiple criteria decision making problems. numerous algorithms have been desig...

A non-malleable code is a variant of an encoding scheme which is resilient to tampering attacks. The main idea behind non-malleable coding is that the adversary should not be able to obtain any valuable information about the message. Non-malleable codes are used in tamper-resilient cryptography and protecting memories against tampering attacks. Many different types of non-malleability have alre...

In this article, we use two concepts, measure of non-compactness and Meir-Keeler condensing operators. The measure of non-compactness has been applied for existence of solution nonlinear integral equations, ordinary differential equations and system of differential equations in the case of finite and infinite dimensions by some authors. Also Meir-Keeler condensing operators are shown in some pa...

The premises of this paper are 1) security is application dependent because application semantics directly influence proper protection; but 2) applications are generally too complex to be trusted to implement security as specified by the given security policy. These problems are aggravated if the application operates over time and space. This paper proposes the use of a simple program (a “wrapp...

Applications of computer communications can be used in many ABSTRACT ways in education. In this article an overview is given of a number of categories of computer communications applications in learning-related activities. Particular attention is given to a new type of system called a course-support environment. In this type of system a database is integrated with Web-based tools and applicatio...

Responding to the long-standing interest of new media scholars in online participation as a mechanism for political and cultural democracy and empowerment, this article elaborates a critique of online participation. It examines the ways in which online participation has been economized at a fundamental level – the level at which data is transmitted – and argues that this economization draws int...