This paper is an investigation of S. Wolfram’s Principle of Computational Equivalence’ – that (discrete) systems in the natural world should be thought of as performing computations. We take a logical approach, and demonstrate that under almost trivial (physically reasonable) assumptions, discrete evolving physical systems give a class of logical models. Moreover, these models are of intuitioni...

Let G be a split adjoint semisimple group over Q and K∞ ⊂ G(R) a maximal compact subgroup. We shall give a uniform, short and essentially elementary proof of the Weyl law for cusp forms on congruence quotients of G(R)/K∞. This proves a conjecture of Sarnak for Q-split groups, previously known only for the case G = PGL(n). The key idea amounts to a new type of simple trace formula.

A new type of apo-Tf functionalized nanochannel is developed to achieve the specific and selective binding and unbinding of Fe(3+) in a multiple and reversible manner via a protein-conformation-gating mechanism. This ion-responsive biomimetic nanochannel provides a simple, robust, and promising model for studying other biological processes.

We introduce a new type of solitary wave in a lossless single-mode fiber in which a bright solitonlike pulse in the anomalous-dispersion range propagates together with a stationary dark pulse in the normal-dispersion range. Such a solitary wave can be generated by launching a bright pulse in the anomalous-dispersion range together with a long pulse of the same speed in the normal-dispersion ran...

Toward the development of surfaces for the precise manipulation of proteins, this study explores the fabrication and protein-interactive behavior of a new type of surface containing extremely small (on the order of 10 nm or less) flat adhesive "patches" or islands embedded in and partially concealed by a protein-repellant PEG (poly(ethylene glycol)) brush. The adsorption of fibrinogen, the mode...

In this paper, the sustainable competitiveness of the Hong Kong Fashion industry (textile and clothing industry) in the new economy is investigated through a comparison study and model simulation. We find that the competitiveness of Hong Kong will decrease without intensive investment to develop key knowledge-based core competencies in facing intensive competition from developing and developed ...

Services have different characteristics than products, and naturally we would expect this to be refl ected in innovation development practices of service companies. Although there exist empirical studies that address this issue in developed economies, no study to date investigated this question in a transition country. In particular, this paper explores whether service fi rms in Croatia are inc...