site-directed mutagenesis (sdm) as a powerful technique was used to change two important and conserved amino acids in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3- phosphate synthase (epsps) gene of e. coli. the mutations changed glycine 96 to alanine and alanine 183 to threonine. these two amino acids are very important for intraction of the wide spectrum herbicide, glyphosate, to epsp synthase enzymes. by design...

background and objectives: infunction of the photosynthetic apparatus of halophytes plays an important role in their salinity tolerance. kochia as a halophyte, is of high ability in biomass production in salinity stress conditions. thus study photosynthesis and the related factors salinity stress can provide appropriate physiological view for better understanding of the plant mechanisms of in s...

background: flavonoids have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, free radical scavenging, and anti-mutagenic. methods: the cytotoxic effects of three synthesized flavonoid derivatives (k3, k4 and k5) were evaluated against hela , mda-mb -231 and ht-29 cancer cells using mtt assay. results: the results showed that these flavonoids were not...

the complexation reactions of some transition metal ions and 2-aminopyridine (2-ampy) were studied potentiometrically in aqueous solution at µ=0.1 m and 25 °c. the overall stability constants log β’s of all species are obtained by computer refinement of ph-volume data with using the best computer program. several models were tested and the best one accepted according to the least sum of squared...

objective(s): hyperthermia is one of the most common environmental stressors that affect multi-biological systems in the body including the central nervous system as well as the hematopoietic organs. the objective of the present study was to investigate the protective role of ethanolic extract of propolis (eep) on some selective stress markers, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological ...

synthesis of some new monocyclic β-lactams containing a quaternary carbon center via a [2+2]cycloaddition reaction is described. the reaction of achiral diphenyl ketene with chiral aldimines derivedfrom chiral 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-o-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranosylamine, 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-o-acetyl-β-dglucopyranosylamine and different benzaldehydes resulted in the formation of β-lactams as singlediastereo...

chiral pyrrolidines and pyrrolizidines with spirooxindole ring systems are the central skeletons for numerous alkaloids and pharmacologically important compounds. gelesmine, pseudotabersonine, formosanine, isoformosanine, morroniside and mitraphylline are some of the alkaloids containing spirooxindole ring systems. derivatives of spirooxindole find very wide biological applications as anti micr...

background:   myasthenia  gravis (mg) is an  autoimmune disorder   characterized   by  weakness   and   fatigability  of skeletal muscles. the aim of this study was to determine if pathological characteristics in non-thymomatous patients of mg would correlate with prognosis in a three year follow up. methods:   patients  who  had  had  their  thymectomy   at least  three  years prior to  the  s...