The defensive withdrawal reflex of the mantle organs of Aplysia californica exhibits a variety of forms of both nonassociative and associative learning, which can exist in both short- and long-term forms. In addition, the reflex can be readily elicited and quantified as soon as the effector organs (siphon and gill) emerge at their respective developmental stages. Thus, this reflex system provid...

BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with Left ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography is helpful for the detection of diastolic dysfunction and Echocardiographic screening for asymptomatic diabetic cardiomyopathy should be performed in all asymptomatic diabetic subjects. Identification of diabetic cardiomyopathy should result in the initia...

The purpose of this report was to illustrate how thoracic gas compression (TGC) artifact, and differences in air density, may together conflate the interpretation of changes in the forced expiratory flows (FEFs) at high altitude (>2400 m). Twenty-four adults (10 women; 44 ± 15 year) with normal baseline pulmonary function (>90% predicted) completed a 12-day sojourn at Mt. Kilimanjaro. Participa...

Abstract In this study, the drying kinetics, effective moisture diffusivity ( D eff ), specific energy consumption (SEC), colour, and shrinkage S b ) of pomegranate arils were compared when dried by convective (CV) microwave (MW) drying. The experiments performed at air temperature 50, 60, 70°C velocity 1 m/s for CV 270, 450, 630 W MW results showed that increasing power increased . calculation...

Background: A simple, portable measure of daytime sleepiness is the Oxford Sleep Resistance (OSLER-2) test; however its use is limited to those with good hand function. This study modified the OSLER-2 test to assess the measurement of daytime sleepiness using two alternative, non-hand-held response switches. Methods: The unit was modified to accept the standard hand-held switch, a head-tap swit...

Four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (4D CMR) imaging has evolved as a versatile technique for the assessment of three-dimensional time resolved haemodynamics. This study aimed to examine utility and metrics derived from 4D CMR in different patient cohorts. Controls (n=26), adult tetralogy Fallot (rToF; n=14), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH; n=10) patients were scanne...

The ionic state of single internodal cells of a fresh water characean, Nitella translucens, has been studied. In mature cells the vacuolar concentrations were 78 m~ K, 60 mM Na, and 151 mM CI, compared with concentrations of 0.1 mM K , 1.0 him Na, and 1.3 mM CI in the bathing medium. The results suggest an active influx of potassium and an active efflux of sodium at the plasmalemma, and an acti...