Known complexity facts: the decision problem of the existence of a kernel in a digraph G = (V; E) is NP-complete; if all of the cycles of G have even length, then G has a kernel; and the question of the number of kernels is #P-complete even for this restricted class of digraphs. In the opposite direction, we construct game theory tools, of independent interest, concerning strategies in the pres...

If K/k is a finite Galois extension of number fields with Galois group G, then the kernel of the capitulation map Clk ~ ClK of ideal class groups is isomorphic to the kernel X(H) of the transfer map H/H’ ~ A, where H = Gal(K/k), A = Gal(K/K) and K is the Hilbert class field of K. H. Suzuki proved that when G is abelian, |G| divides |X(H)|. We call a finite abelian group X a transfer kernel for ...

This research was conducted to examine the fruit characteristics of selected walnut genotypes from native population Eastern Serbia. Over 28 trees that deserve attention were recorded through selection procedure. By grafting, grouping and cultivation under same conditions at Fruit Research Institute in Cacak, seven promising with most favourable identified. Important physical properties fruit, ...

Let D be a digraph, V (D) and A(D) will denote the sets of vertices and arcs of D, respectively. A (k, l)-kernel N of D is a k-independent set of vertices (if u, v ∈ N then d(u, v), d(v, u) ≥ k) and l-absorbent (if u ∈ V (D) \N then exists v ∈ N such that d(u, v) ≤ l). A k-kernel is a (k, k − 1)-kernel. We propose an extension of the definition of (k, l)-kernel to (arc-)weighted digraphs, verif...

in this research, we studied physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics of pistachio entitled pistacia vera cv. daneshmandi and was compared to three pistachio including of badami sefid, kalle ghoochi and akbari. the examined characteristics were fresh and dry weight of seed, green shell and also kernel, weight of hard shell, seedless and early opening nut, comparing the seed and kernel...

For any simple real group G possessing unitary highest weight representations one can define the Hardy space H(G) . This is a Hilbert space formed by holomorphic functions in a ‘non–commutative’ tube domain Γ satisfying a Hardy–type condition (Γ is the interior of a non– commutative complex semigroup Γ containing the group G ). The space H(G) is identified with the bi–invariant subspace of L(G)...

Combining ability effects were estimated for different agronomic characters in line × tester crossing program comprising 21 hybrids produced by crossing 7 lines and 3 testers. Parents and hybrids differed significantly for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects, respectively. The variance due to GCA and SCA showed that gene action was predominantly additive...

0021-9991/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2012.05.027 Abbreviations: 1 M, femur 1’s medial; 2AL, femur 2’s anterior-lateral; 2PM, femur 2’s posterior-medial; 3D, three-dimensional; BMD, bone density; CT-scan, computed tomography scan; FE, finite element; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; QCT, quantitative computed tomography; RO of inter...

Let τ(G) denote the number of vertices in a longest path in a graph G = (V , E). A subset K of V is called a Pn-kernel of G if τ(G[K ]) ≤ n−1 and every vertex v ∈ V \K is adjacent to an end-vertex of a path of order n− 1 in G[K ]. It is known that every graph has a Pn-kernel for every positive integer n ≤ 9. R. Aldred and C. Thomassen in [R.E.L. Aldred, C. Thomassen, Graphs with not all possibl...

Goal. To establish the influence of quantitative biometric parameters black nut fruit on dormancy its seeds. Methods. The results research were processed according to generally accepted methods in agriculture, plant growing, statistics. Field — collect fruits, measuring weight determine parameters, spectrometric, mathematical-statistical carry out analysis variance and statistical processing as...