Landsat satellite imagery covering the entire forested portion of the Brazilian Amazon Basin was used to measure, for 1978 and 1988, deforestation, fragmented forest, defined as areas less than 100 square kilometers surrounded by deforestation, and edge effects of 1 kilometer into forest from adjacent areas of deforestation. Tropical deforestation increased from 78,000 square kilometers in 1978...

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) z-axis accelerometer has obtained over 200 vertical structures of thermospheric density, temperature, and pressure, ranging from 110 to 170 kilometers, compared to only three previous such vertical structures. In November 1997, a regional dust storm in the Southern Hemisphere triggered an unexpectedly large thermospheric response at mid-northern latitudes, increas...

Someday, many people hope, humans will travel to Mars. The U.S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) has plans for a mission to the planet in the 2030s, and entrepreneur Elon Musk says his SpaceX company can do it by 2024. If people succeed in setting up an outpost on Mars, they’ll need to build someplace for astronauts to live, sleep, and work. But hauling building materials acro...

rice blast, caused by pyricularia grisea, is one of the most important diseases of this crop in iran and all over the world. to evaluate the relationship between spore population (sp) and meteorological factors, sp was measured daily using spore trap during growing seasons of 2006-2008 in rasht and lahijan regions (guilan province, iran). weather data including precipitation, daily maximum and ...

Adult cod swim hundreds of kilometers away from home to release their eggs into the ocean water. After some days, tiny larvae hatch eggs. At first, have a small food reserve sustain them during first days life. Soon after emptying yolk-sac, must find on own. Both and are carried by currents they experience large changes in conditions as drift back nursery areas where parents came from, grow up ...

JCB • VOLUME 170 • NUMBER 6 • 2005 862 Keeping RNA away from DNA ewly transcribed RNA represents a threat to genomic stability, say Xialu Li and James Manley (Columbia University, New York, NY). They find that, in metazoan cells, the threat is neutralized by a splicing factor that coats RNA as it it emerges from RNA polymerase. The danger arises because nascent RNA can anneal to the template DN...

PEDRO JOSÉ SEBASTIÃO This is the second number of CeFEMA newsletter, where we aim at reporting the most recent research activities of CeFEMA to a broad community, be it academic or entrepreneurial, which might be interested in materials science and condensed matter physics. In this number are presented a theoretical work of CeFEMA researchers on systems away from equilibrium and works related t...

Lane Kenworthy University of Arizona [email protected] administer the “treatment” to some observations. Then we compare the degree of change in both (or all, if there are more than two) groups. With observational data we don’t administer the treatment, but in other respects the process is similar. Especially useful is that this design takes constant countryspecific differences (“country ...