BACKGROUND The investigation of structural organisation in lignocellulose materials is important to understand changes in cellulase accessibility and reactivity resulting from hydrothermal deconstruction, to allow development of strategies to maximise bioethanol process efficiencies. To achieve progress, wheat straw lignocellulose and comparative model wood cellulose were characterised followin...

Background: The investigation of structural organisation in lignocellulose materials is important to understand changes in cellulase accessibility and reactivity resulting from hydrothermal deconstruction, to allow development of strategies to maximise bioethanol process efficiencies. To achieve progress, wheat straw lignocellulose and comparative model wood cellulose were characterised followi...

Ž . Previous research on sea floor Fe III oxyhydroxide deposits has focused primarily on deep-sea, hydrothermal systems found along volcanically active portions of the mid-ocean ridges and on hydrogenetic deposits formed in deep basins and along continental shelves. There is, however, not much known about their formation in shallow-water settings associated with volcanic islands. The hydrotherm...

The influence of reaction conditions on the composition of liquid products during two-stage hydrothermal conversion of alkali lignin has been investigated in a batch reactor. Reactions were carried out in the presence of formic acid (FA) and Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. The two different sets of reaction conditions involved alternative reaction times of 1h and 5h at 265°C and 350°C, respectively. These p...

Perlite or pearl stone is a natural glass which has formed by rapid cooling of viscous lava or magma. Perlite is mainly composed of silica, aluminum, potassium and sodium. In this experiment, perlite was used as a low-cost source of Si and Al to synthesis of sodalite zeolite using the alkaline hydrothermal treatment. A statistical Taguchi design of experiments was employed to evaluate the effec...

The fringing reef in Tutum Bay on the west side of Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea is the only presently known coral reef exposed to the extensive discharge of a hot, mineralized hydrothermal fluid. There, aragonite and ferrihydrite, a hydrous ferric oxide, are the prominent hydrothermal precipitates. Aragonite forms two distinct crystal habits, (a) euhedral (pseudohexagonal) crystals up to 2 ...

nano-zeolite coapo-5 as a member of afi family, was synthesized via a hydrothermal treatment, and structurally characterized using x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscope (sem), and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (edax). the effects of crystallization temperature and time on the structure of these powder products were studied. xrd patterns of the synthesized powders revealed a h...

The poor hydrothermal stability of germanosilicate zeolites greatly retards their industrial application. Herein, we present a direct synthesis of Ge-containing IWR zeolites with outstanding hydrothermal stability. A simple quaternary ammonium cation, diethyldimethylammonium, was used as the structure-directing agent for the first time. The structure and chemical composition of the framework wa...

The operation planning of hydrothermal systems aims to specify how the set of power plants should be operated so that the resources available for power generation are used efficiently. In hydrothermal systems with great participation of hydroelectric generation, as is the case of the Brazilian system, the operation planning intends to establish Reservoir Operation Rules (RORs) to replace, whene...

There were three negative seawater strontium-isotope excursions (shifts to lower Sr/Sr values) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous that were of relatively short duration (5-13 my) and showed a relatively quick recovery to pre-excursion Sr/Sr ratios. These excursions occurred in the Pliensbachian-Toarcian (Early Jurassic), Aptian-Albian, and Cenomanian-Santonian (Early and Late Cretaceous respect...