drought is a climatic phenomenon that causes much detrimental influence on ecological environments. this research investigates the performance of meteorological drought indices in different time scales in thetajan basin in iran. indices undergone in this study include: percent normal precipitation index (pnpi), z-score index (zsi), standard precipitation index (spi), china z index (czi), modifi...

Analytical detection of cracking in connections of steel moment resisting frames using simple damage indices is important since these cracks are not visible unless the connections are uncovered. In this paper, applicability of three cumulative damage indices for detection of cracking in a cover plate welded moment connection is investigated. The damage indices considered in this study are based...

drought monitoring is a fundamental component of drought risk management. it is normally performed usingvarious drought indices that are effectively continuous functions of rainfall and other hydrometeorological variables.in many instances, drought indices are used for monitoring purposes. geostatistical methods allow the interpolationof spatially referenced data and the prediction of values fo...

to evaluate genetic variation and to study of dry matter remobilization towards seed, 64 bread wheat genotypes were examined in two separated experiments using alpha-latic design of 2 replications during 2002–2003. significant differences observed for most traits in normal and drought conditions. there were considerable variations among genotypes for independent parameters of dry matter remobil...

Remotely sensed vegetation indices have been extensively used to quantify plant and soil characteristics. The objectives of this study were to: (i) compare vegetation indices developed at different scales for measuring canopy N content (g∙N∙m −2 ) and concentration (%); and (ii) evaluate the effects of soil background reflectance, cultivar, illumination and atmospheric conditions on the ability...

Desertification in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions is a global environmental problem. Considering theincreasing importance of desertification and its complexity, the necessity of giving attention to desertification criteria andindices is essential. Models and methods such as MEDALUS, UNEP-FAO, and others have been proposed on local andnational scales. In this research, IMDPA was selec...

In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, assessment of disease activity is important in order to monitor and adjust therapy. In individual patients, disease evaluation is largely based on subjective symptoms. However, for disease evaluation in clinical trials, an objective and reproducible disease activity index is needed. At present, a number of activity indices are available for Crohn's d...

the traditional fuzzy operators, such as t-norms, t-conorms and averaging operators have been used for soil suitability evaluation to aggregate criteria as an overall suitability index. however, such operators do not account for the degree of compensation common to human aggregation criteria, especially in the presence of conflicting criteria. fuzzy integrals are powerful and flexible aggregati...