conclusions our findings showed that hcv infection could lead to increased expression level of tlr7 mrna in peripheral blood cells of hcv infected samples. the viral load and genotypes of hcv did not affect the mrna expression levels of tlr2 and tlr7. background hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an important human pathogen affecting an estimated 120 – 170 million individuals in the world. toll-like re...

the affinity of low density lipoprotein (ldl) to its receptor is very important, because most of ldl-uptake pathway is done by the ldl receptor and the change in size of ldl particle and the modification in its components may affects the ldl affinity for its receptor. in this study, the effects of lipophilic agents such as vitamin e and seven volatile oils: anethol, eugenol, geraniol, limonene,...

background: p2x4 receptor (p2x4r), a purinoceptor expressed in activated spinal microglia, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. spinal nerve injury induces up-regulation of p2x4r on activated microglia in the spinal cord, and blockade of this receptor can reduce neuropathic pain. the present study was undertaken to determine whether paroxetine, an inhibitor of p2x4r, could ...

objective(s):the mechanism of hypothermia action of acetaminophen (apap) remains unclear even 125 years after its synthesis. acetaminophen produces hypothermia. the mechanism of this reduction in core body temperature is not clear but evidence shows that it is not dependent on opioid and cannabinoid receptors. because of strong documents about the roles of gaba and benzodiazepine receptors in h...

background: pattern recognition receptors (prrs) are the main sensors of pathogen and danger signals in innate immunity of which toll like receptors (tlrs) are the most studied ones. the contribution of prrs in cerebral inflammation induced by microbial infection, tissue damage and cancer has not extensively been addressed so far. glioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system an...

in the present study, an attempt was made to develop galactosylated albumin nanoparticles of cimetidine for treatment of acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. by developing the galactosylated nanoparticulated delivery of cimetidine the required action of drug at the target site i.e at liver can be provided. the advantage of targeting helps to reduce the systemic side effects which may be occur ...

the most important risk factors for anxiety disorders include genes, early life stress, and current stress. these factors do not act independently but interact with each other throughout human development through examples such as epigenetic modifications and complex forms of learning. the neural substrate of pathological anxiety includes hyperactivity in the amygdala and other limbic brain regi...

background: the purpose of present study was to investigate whether sphingosine 1-phosphate (s1p) levels and its receptors gene expressions are correlated with myod and myogenin following resistance training. materials and methods: 24 eight-week-old male wistar rats (190-250 gr) were assigned randomly to a control (n = 12) or training (n = 12) group. rats climbed a resistance training ladder wi...

a fibroadenoma was diagnosed in the mammary gland of a lamb by immunohistochemical method andmeasurement of oestradiol hormone. the tumor was characterized by an encapsulated firm mass with acreamy-white cut surface. histologically, it consisted of variably-sized sinus ducts, covered by a single ormultiple layers of proliferated epithelial cells, and embedded in a loose connective tissue. immun...

introduction: there is considerable evidence that glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission plays an important role in mediating the behavioral actions of acutely administered ethanol. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute ethanol exposure on nr1 subunit of nmda (n-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor distribution in the cerebral cortex of chick embryo on the 10th an...