The vegetation covering of a region has a direct correlation with climate. So if data is available for vegetation cover, the second variable (climate) can be easily predicted and in reverse. The dominant species in a region are indication of its climatic conditions and vice versa. Accordingly, this is of significance in the science of historical botany. Fortunately, from the first millennium A...

Hillier and other researchers combined analysis of urban grids using axial maps with counts of pedestrian movements. They recognised the influence these grids played on pedestrian movements in cities and developed the ‘law of natural movement’ in which urban grids are principal generators of pedestrian movement and starting point for a city’s development into specialised ‘generative’ and ‘conse...

ABSTRACT In this paper we discuss recent developments in documenting the spread of millet across Eurasian steppes. We emphasize that, despite a proposal that consumption southern Siberia can be attributed to Early Bronze Age (i.e., late third early second millennium BC), at present there are no direct data for indicating prior Late Age, from 14th century BC. also full combined stable isotope an...

25 years after the discovery in the Ötztal Italian Alps, the 5,300-year-old mummy keeps providing key information on human biological and medical conditions, aspects of everyday life and societal organization in the Copper Age. The hand axe found with the body of the Alpine Iceman is one of the rare copper objects that is firmly dated to the early Copper Age because of the radiocarbon dating of...

There is a range of evidence that informs us about the organisation of the Achaemenid Empire, but our understanding ofthe eastern-most reaches of the empire, which lie within the bounds of modern-day Pakistan is relatively limited. Whilethere is evidence for the eastern provinces in imperial art and references to them in Achaemenid Royal inscriptions, thearchaeological record in the subcontinen...

Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013-7013, USA Departments of Mammalogy and Paleontology, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Cascadia Research Collective, 2181⁄2 West 4th Avenue, Olympia, WA, USA Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Bouleva...