UNLABELLED The most effective group of drugs for the treatment of severe pain is opioid analgesics. Their use, however, is limited by decreased effects in neuropathic and chronic pain as a result of increased pain and development of tolerance. Gabapentin (GBP) is effective in both experimental models of chronic pain and clinical studies of neuropathic pain. Therefore, we investigated, in a rand...

UNLABELLED It is a common clinical observation that postoperative pain may be resistant to morphine. The analgesic potentials of ketamine have also been well documented. In this study, we evaluated the effects of postoperative coadministration of small doses of ketamine and morphine on pain intensity, SpO(2), and subjectively rated variables in surgical patients who underwent standardized gener...

It has been shown that stress and chronic pain could prevent the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, which appears to be related to the activation of hypothalamus–pitutitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, activation of neuroendocrine systems and changes in neurochemical levels. Moreover, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia has been implica...

It has been shown that stress and chronic pain could prevent the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, which appears to be related to the activation of hypothalamus–pitutitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, activation of neuroendocrine systems and changes in neurochemical levels. Moreover, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia has been implica...

Introduction: Topiramate is a newly anti-convulsant drug, which acts as NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist as well as the GABAB receptor agonist. It is used for physical dependence to opioids as well as cocaine, nicotine, alcohol and ecstasy dependence. In the present study attempts were made to further identification of the effects of topiramate on the acquisition and expression of morphine...

introduction: the management of pain and inflammation related problem is a real challenge that people face daily. although several drugs are available for these conditions, medicinal plants are believed to be an important source of new chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects. the objective of current study was to investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of tanacetum fisherae which...

Introduction: The role of midbrain reticular formation, which includes the nucleus cuneiformis (NCF), as a crucial antinociceptive region in descending pain modulation has long been investigated. In this study, we tried to highlight the role of NCF in morphine-induced antinociception in formalin-induced pain model in rats. Methods: A total of 201 male Wistar rats weighing 260-310 g were used in...