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Objectives: Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are small-molecule compounds that exert agonist and antagonist effects on androgen receptors in a tissue-specific fashion. SARMs not FDA approved the USA, but readily available for purchase online. Increasingly, athletes have turned to recent years as means of augmenting lean muscle mass, evidenced by positive tests across multiple athl...

The ultrasound contrast agents Echovist(®) and Levovist(®) (Bayer AG, Schering AG, Germany) are based on the release of gas bubbles from milled α-d-galactose. In diagnostic ultrasound, for this class of contrast agents, there is a need for prolonged contrast duration. To investigate if new carbohydrate compositions could prolong the lifetime of the gas bubbles, α-d-galactose was mixed with othe...

Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is a unique disease occurring in the Yakut (Sakha) population of Eastern Siberia. VE is always fatal, with some patients dying during the acute encephalitic phase of illness; those surviving the acute phase develop progressive dementia, rigidity and spastic quadriparesis as part of a more prolonged pan-encephalitic syndrome. The disease is characterized neuropath...