Na(+) uptake and transport in Kandelia candel and antioxidative defense were investigated under rising NaCl stress from 100 to 300 mM. Salinized K. candel roots had a net Na(+) efflux with a declined flux rate during an extended NaCl exposure. Na(+) buildup in leaves enhanced H2O2 levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increased transcription of CSD gene encoding a Cu/Zn SOD. Sequence...

Our previous studies in hydrocephalic Dahl rats indicated that the NaCl signal is perceived in the structures around the third brain ventricle. In the present study, we assessed 24-h ambulatory blood pressures (ABPs), weight (WT) gains, and the kidney and brain injuries in induced hydrocephalic and control group Dahl S rats on 0.3% and 6% NaCl diets. Constant WT gains were observed among low Na...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of muscle glycogen depletion and subsequent replenishment on anaerobic capacity of horses. In a blinded crossover study, seven fit horses performed glycogen-depleting exercise on two occasions. Horses were infused after glycogen-depleting exercise with either 6 g/kg body wt of glucose as a 13.5% solution in 0.9% NaCl (Glu) or with 0.9% NaCl ...

The aqueous mixtures of light gas molecules under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions are candidates to form gas hydrate clathrates. The formation of gas hydrate may lead to various problems and extra charges in natural gas production and processing. The presence of hydrate crystals forming a stable solid phase can potentially block the wells, pipes, and process facilities. To avoid su...

pb-zn deposits in the kurdistan region, northern iraq, have occurred mainly as a stratabound and open-space filling ore bodies. they are hosted by dolostone and dolomitic-limestone of platform carbonates. the ore deposits at the studied dure and lefan areas are respectively hosted by kurra chine (upper triassic) and bekhme (upper cretaceous) formations. pyrite, sphalerite and galena are the maj...

The present study investigates the effect of fly ash (FA) as a corrosion inhibitor on electrochemical performance 316L stainless steel concrete reinforcement in simulating pore solution exposed to coastal environment that is severely polluted by acid rain (AR). behavior examined means cyclic (reverse) polarization order evaluate susceptibility rebars localized corrosion. A slightly alkaline cor...

Little is known about the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) in Na(+) toxicity and inhibition of root growth in Arabidopsis under NaCl stress. In this study, we found that root elongation in seedlings of the loss-of-function mutants mpk6-2 and mpk6-3 was less sensitive to NaCl or Na-glutamate, but not to KCl or mannitol, as compared with that of wild-type (WT) seedlings. The less...

While low nephron number is associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular and renal disease, the functional consequences of a high nephron number are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a high nephron number provides protection against hypertensive and renal insults. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal function were characterized in male wild-type (WT) and transforming growt...

Maintaining cellular Na(+)/K(+) homeostasis is pivotal for plant survival in saline environments. However, knowledge about the molecular regulatory mechanisms of Na(+)/K(+) homeostasis in plants under salt stress is largely lacking. In this report, the Arabidopsis double mutants atrbohD1/F1 and atrbohD2/F2, in which the AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes are disrupted and generation of reactive oxygen s...