Our goal in this section is to define and develop the six basic trigonometric functions. We start with two of the more important transcendental functions, namely the sine function and the cosine function. These are universally denoted by y = sinx and y = cos x respectively. In order to define sinx and cosx, we first need to agree on how we are going to measure angles. An angle, θ, consists of t...

Service specific overlays are overlay networks build and setup for a single service. Since different services need different types of overlays, the setup process is pretty different. Current approaches normally allow a customer to send in an overlay specification into the overlay provisioning system (mainly centralized). In our approach, we use pattern-based management in order to run the proce...

We use the following convention: x, t, t1, t2, r, a, b are real numbers and F , G are partial functions from R to R. Let F be a partial function from R to R and let t be a real number. We say that t is a period of F if and only if: (Def. 1) t 6= 0 and for every x holds x ∈ domF iff x+t ∈ domF and if x ∈ domF, then F (x) = F (x+ t). Let F be a partial function from R to R. We say that F is perio...

The notion of function is indispensable to our understanding of distinctions such as that between being broken and being in working order (for artifacts) and between being diseased and being healthy (for organisms). A clear account of the ontology of functions and functioning is thus an important desideratum for any top-level ontology intended for application to domains such as engineering or m...

We develop a novel Virtual Element Method (VEM) to resolve the mixed Biot displacement-pressure formulation governing wave propagation in porous media. Within this setting, weak form of equations is discretized using implicitly defined canonical basis functions and resulting integral forms are computed appropriate polynomial projections. The projection operator accounting for solid, fluid, coup...

objectives: presence/absence of cervical lymph node metastasis plays a critical role in prognosis and survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (scc). this study was designed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (ct) scan for detection of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral scc in comparison with histopathological analysis after neck dissection methods: in th...

Designing secure protocols over ad-hoc networks has proved to be a very challenging task, due to various features of such networks, such as partial connectivity, node mobility, and resource constraints. Furthermore, their lack of physical infrastructures deprives their users of even basic network functions such as message routing, for which nodes are themselves responsible. In this paper we con...

Displacement finite element models of various beam theories have been developed using traditional finite element interpolations (i.e., Hermite cubic or equi-spaced Lagrange functions). Various finite element models of beams differ from each other in the choice of the interpolation functions used for the transverse deflection w, total rotation φ and/or shear strain γxz, or in the integral form u...

This paper presents a static analysis of laminated composite doubly-curved shells using refined kinematic models with polynomial and non-polynomial functions recently introduced in the literature. To be specific, Maclaurin, trigonometric, exponential and zig-zag functions are employed. The employed refined models are based on the equivalent single layer theories. A simply supported shell is sub...