A positioning QA procedure for Varian's 2D/2D (kV/MV) and 3D/3D (planCT/CBCT) matching was developed. The procedure was to check: (1) the coincidence of on-board imager (OBI), portal imager (PI), and cone beam CT (CBCT)'s isocenters (digital graticules) to a linac's isocenter (to a pre-specified accuracy); (2) that the positioning difference detected by 2D/2D (kV/MV) and 3D/3D(planCT/CBCT) matc...

The task of three-dimensional (3D) human pose estimation from a single image can be divided into two parts: (1) Two-dimensional (2D) human joint detection from the image and (2) estimating a 3D pose from the 2D joints. Herein, we focus on the second part, i.e., a 3D pose estimation from 2D joint locations. The problem with existing methods is that they require either (1) a 3D pose dataset or (2...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We evaluated the utility of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) left ventricular (LV) global myocardial deformity parameters for assessing LV diastolic function by comparing invasive measures of LV performance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Echocardiography and LV pressure were assessed in 39 patients. Myocardial LV longitudinal, circumferential, and radial deform...

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical effectiveness of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic imaging systems for radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of data collected from all patients who underwent RC with pelvic lymph node dissection between January 2013 and May 2014, performed by a single surgeon in our cli...

BACKGROUND Limited z-axis-coverage computed tomography (CT) to evaluate for pediatric lumbar spondylolysis, altering the technique such that the dose to the patient is comparable or lower than radiographs, is currently used at our institution. The objective of the study was to determine whether volumetric 3-dimensional fast spin echo magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) can provide equal or grea...

Geo-DBMSs make it possible to manage large spatial datasets in databases that can be accessed by multiple users at the same time. These spatial datasets usually contain 2D data, while more and more applications depend on 3D data. Some examples are 3D cadastres [1], telecommunications [2] and town planning [3]. These applications mainly come from the ever-growing tendency of using living space m...

New 3D video representations enable new modalities of interaction, such as haptic interaction, with 2D and 3D video for truly immersive media applications. Haptic interaction with video includes haptic structure and haptic motion for new immersive experiences. It is possible to compute haptic structure signals from 3D scene geometry or depth information. This paper introduces the concept of hap...

This paper presents a new registration algorithm of 2D color images and 3D geometric models for navigation system of surgical robot. A 2D-3D registration procedure is used to superimpose a tumor model on an endoscopic image precisely, and is therefore indispensable for the surgical navigation system. And thus, the performance of the 2D-3D registration procedure influences directly the usability...

A novel lighting system was devised for 3D defect inspection in the wire bonding process. Gold wires of 20 microm in diameter were bonded to connect the integrated circuit (IC) chip with the substrate. Bonding wire defects can be classified as 2D type and 3D type. The 2D-type defects include missed, shifted, or shorted wires. These defects can be inspected from a 2D top-view image of the wire. ...