BACKGROUND Previous reports have shown that physicians who smoke underestimate the effects of smoking on health and this influences their practice. This study was designed to investigate the views of Estonian physicians on the role of smoking in smoking-related diseases. METHODS Cross-sectional postal surveys were sent to all practising physicians in Estonia in 1982, 2002 and 2014 providing d...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Osteopontin (OPN) and IL-18 are known inflammatory mediators and both participate in a wide range of biological processes linked to immunological disorders. Since an interaction between OPN and IL-18 has not been studied in obesity, we investigated whether: (i) their levels were simultaneously elevated in obese individuals; (ii) OPN was associated with IL-18 in obese indivi...

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolic events (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, are common in older age. It has been suggested that statins might reduce the risk of VTE however positive results from studies of middle aged subjects may not be generalisable to elderly people. We aimed to determine the effect of pravastatin on incident VTE in older people; we also studied t...

Roig et al (Anticancer Research, 1993, vol. 13, pp. 2457-2463. Burke et al (Human Pathology, 1999, vol. 30, pp. 158–167).* 60/121,124. Guddo et al (J Clin Pathol, 1998, vol. 51, pp. 667-671).* Malusecka et al (Anticancer Research, 2001, 21, vol. 1015-1021).* Dessy et al (Virchows Archive, Mar 2000, vol. 436, pp. 289-296).* Puglisi et al (Cancer Letters, 2001, vol. 162, pp. 97-103).* Schlom (Mon...

Toyocamycin nitrile hydratase (TNH) is a protein hexamer that catalyzes the hydration of toyocamycin to produce sangivamycin. The structure of hexameric TNH and the arrangement of subunits within the complex, however, have not been solved by NMR or X-ray crystallography. Native mass spectrometry (MS) clearly shows that TNH is composed of two copies each of the α, β, and γ subunits. Previous sur...

BACKGROUND Sensory stimulation via acupuncture has been reported to alter activities of numerous neural systems by activating multiple efferent pathways. Acupuncture, one of the main physical therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been widely used to treat patients with stroke for over hundreds of years. This is the first update of the Cochrane Review originally published in 2005. OBJ...

Background Spondyloarthritis (SpA) associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a subtype of SpA affecting the axial spine (AxSpA) and peripheral musculoskeletal system causing arthritis, enthesitis dactylitis (peripheral SpA) in patients Crohn’s Disease (CD) or Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The prevalence IBD variable but reported to range from 5-15% for 30-45% SpA. Detection requires multi...

Paris (PArallel, Robust, Interface Simulator) is a finite volume code for simulations of immiscible multifluid or multiphase flows. It based on the “one-fluid” formulation Navier–Stokes equations where different fluids are treated as one material with variable properties, and surface tension added singular interface force. The fluid solved regular structured staggered grid using an explicit pro...

Background: CD4+ T cells with cytotoxic functions (CD4+ CTL) have gained attention in recent years. Accumulating evidence supports their importance defense against human viral infections such as CMV 1 , EBV 2 dengue 3 HIV 4, 5 and SARS-CoV-2 6 . Moreover, expansion of so called CD28null been reported the blood patients rheumatic diseases rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 7 myositis 8 vasculitis 9 well ...

Superresolution by data inversion is the extrapolation of measured Fourier data to regions outside the measurement bandwidth using postprocessing techniques. Here we characterize superresolution by data inversion for objects with finite support using the twin concepts of primary and secondary superresolution, where primary superresolution is the essentially unbiased portion of the superresolved...