A bioassay of formulated calcium cyanamide for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 50 rats of each sex were administered a commercial formulation containing 63% calcium cyanamide in the diet at one of two doses, either 100 or 200 ppm for the males and either 100 or 400 ppm for the females, for 107 weeks. Group...

there are more than 350 million individuals with hepatitis c in the world. one of the important problems in vaccine project is development of effective and suitable adjuvant in human vaccines. at present research we applied human βhsp90 protein as an adjuvant in recombinant hcv vaccine design. the thermal vector of pgp1-2 was used for human heat shock protein 90 expression. this protein injecte...

We investigated the induction of renal tumors by the ferric complex of nitrilotriacetic acid (Fe-NTA) in male and female A/J mice. Fifty-three male and 21 female mice received i.p. injections of Fe-NTA, 1.8 to 2.7 mg of iron/kg of body weight/day, 6 days a wk for 12 wk, at the longest. Ten male and ten female mice received nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) i.p. at the dose equivalent to the NTA porti...

Background: Previous studies have indicated that administration of saffron extract could induced reward and reduces morphine reward as investigated by place preference and behavioral sensitization in male and female mice. In the present study, the effects of water extract of Crocus sativus on the acquisition and expression of tolerance to morphine-induced hyperalgesia in female N-MRI mice (20-...

It was reported recently that male mice lacking brain serotonin (5-HT) lose their preference for females (Liu et al., 2011, Nature, 472, 95-100), suggesting a role for 5-HT signaling in sexual preference. Regulation of sex preference by 5-HT lies outside of the well established roles in this behavior established for the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the main olfactory epithelium (MOE). Presently,...

Background: Sperm DNA damage (SDD) is a significant male infertility factor, yet it is not routinely diagnosed or treated in couples undertaking fertility treatment by ART. Men with this condition are likely to experience sub-fertility or infertility, expose their female partners to greater risk of miscarriage and pass on de novo sporadic DNA mutations potentially compromising the health of the...

Background: Pioglitazone is the selective PPAR-γ receptor agonist, which is prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and may also have antidepressant effects. Nitric oxide (NO) has been involved in some crucial roles, including learning, cognition and neurogenesis as well as some neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. Reduced estrogen le...

Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been associated with the subsequent development of reproductive tract abnormalities, including poor reproductive outcome and neoplasia, in experimental animals and humans. Experimental animal studies with chemical carcinogens have raised the possibility that adverse effects of DES may be transmitted to succeeding generations. To evaluate this po...

Diabetic neuropathic pain, an important micro vascular complication in diabetes mellitus, has been recognized as one of the most difficult types of pain to treat. Lack of understanding of etiology involved, inadequate relief, development of tolerance and potential toxicity of classical anti-nociceptive agents warrants the investigation of newer agents to relieve this pain. The aim of the presen...