BACKGROUND Hypoxia-induced factors (HIF) has a role in angiogenesis and regulate tumorigenesis of cancer cell. The HIF is the best-identified mechanism that shows imbalance between consumption and oxygen supply in progressing tumor. This study of HIF-2α expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) aimed to investigate the relationship of HIF-2α and pathology characteristics related to its ...

Sunitinib is an oral small-molecule multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has recently been shown to have clinical benefit as a single agent in renal cell cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, leading to its Food and Drug Administration approval for treatment of these cancers. However, the benefit is short-lived; and for the majority of cancers, sunitinib single-agent clin...

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the AP-2 transcription factor family has an important regulatory function in human craniofacial development. Notably, mutations in TFAP2A, the gene encoding AP-2α, have been identified in patients with Branchio-Oculo-Facial Syndrome (BOFS). BOFS is an autosomal-dominant trait that commonly presents with facial clefting, eye defects and branchial skin ano...

Recent studies have provided novel insights of co-development the neural and vascular elements retina. Knowledge these relationships are crucial to understand impact therapeutic measures in Retinopathy Prematurity (ROP). ROP is imposed by oxygen upon immature retinal blood vessels cells causing delayed development regression. However, hyperoxia on developing neurons less understood because some...

and Applied Analysis 3 Theorem 1.4. Let x > 0 and α ≥ 1. Then the inequality ( sinhx x )2α ( tanhx x )α > ( x sinhx )2α ( x tanhx )α > 2 1.8

Hypoxic tumor cells are known to be more resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation than normoxic cells. However, the effects of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an anti-angiogenic, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic drug, on hypoxic lung cancer cells are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of 2-ME on cell growth, apoptosis, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)...

We previously observed that transgelin was preferentially expressed in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PAMSCs) under hypoxia and that the upregulation of transgelin was independent of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Reduced transgelin expression was accompanied by significantly impaired migration ability in vitro. However, the regulation mechanism of transgelin and its funct...

KRAS and BRAF mutations are frequently observed in human colon cancers. These mutations occur in a mutually exclusive manner, and each is associated with distinctive biological features. We showed previously that K-ras can interact with hypoxia to activate multiple signaling pathways. Many hypoxic responses are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α, and we sought to define th...

Here, we demonstrated that DNA-PKcs is over-expressed in multiple human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues and in primary/established human RCCs. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of DNA-PKcs suppressed proliferation of RCC cells. DNA-PKcs was in the complex of mTOR and SIN1, mediating mTORC2 activation and HIF-2α expression in RCC cells. Inhibiting or silencing DNA-PKcs suppressed AKT Ser-...

One drawback of chemotherapy is poor drug delivery to tumor cells, due in part to hyperpermeability of the tumor vasculature. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is an antioxidant enzyme usually repressed in the tumor milieu. Here we show that specific SOD3 re-expression in tumor-associated endothelial cells (ECs) increases doxorubicin (Doxo) delivery into and chemotherapeutic effect on t...